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Seed germination is an important reproductive pattern for submerged macrophytes. In order to investigate the effects of animal herbivory and water depth on seed germination and seedling survival of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata, we conducted an in-situ field experiment at 3 water depths (0.5, 1, and 2 m) with net and non-net (control) groups in Hangzhou West Lake, China. The results...
Microzooplankton plays an important role in controlling the standing crop of phytoplankton and primary production. However, research on microzooplankton grazing has mainly focused on the ocean and only rarely on eutrophic lakes. In this study we investigated plankton community structures, microzooplankton grazing rates (m), and phytoplankton growth rates (μ) in order to explore microzooplankton grazing...
For this study we applied a biological restoration technology combined with introducing filterfeeding bivalves (Hyriopsis cumingii), stocking planktivorous fish (silver carp), and replanting submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) in order to treat eutrophic water. The effects of this combined biological restoration measure on remedying eutrophic water were investigated, and the main mechanisms...
Temperate grassland steppe is an important natural ecosystem in the world, which is being degraded under the combined pressure of climate change and human over-utilization. Our objective was to determine the effect of inorganic and organic fertilizer addition and determine the appropriate fertilizer resource and additional rate for temperate grassland restoration. The treatments consisted of an inorganic...
Applying nitrogen (N) to increase alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) yield is a general practice in China that has caused serious weed infestation problems. Our objective was to determine the effect of N fertilizer and seeding rate on yields of alfalfa and weeds. The effects of four N fertilizer gradients (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N hm⁻²) and five alfalfa seeding rates (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 kg hm⁻²) were...
With rapid economic development, energy consumption and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent, making clear emission reduction targets necessary. Therefore, this paper forecasts input and output variables for China’s six industries during the 13th Five-Year Plan by using an EBMDEA model to analyze the distribution efficiency of the industries. Moreover, the ZSG-DEA model is used...
This paper aims to introduce the new constraints of PM2.5 into the environmental efficiency research framework, based on the provincial panel data of China during 2001-12. The authors examine environmental efficiency with and without consideration of PM2.5, conduct hypothesis tests on these environmental efficiencies, and analyze the energy savings and haze reduction. The results indicate that the...
A shortage of natural resources is currently handicapping further socio-economic development in China. The Chinese government has therefore implemented several measures to limit energy use and reduce harmful emissions, with a particular focus on the provinces. We calculated and compared the regional carbon emission efficiency of China from 2006 to 2013 using the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes, Banker-Charnes-Cooper,...
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) play an important role in the ecological restoration of water bodies, and it is crucial to understand the mechanism behind this. An experiment was performed in tanks consisting of three treatments: 1) without fish (control treatment, CON), 2) with fish unable to feed on submerged macrophytes (excretion treatment, EXCR), and 3) with fish swimming free (herbivory...
Submerged macrophyte restoration has been widely used to decrease phytoplankton and combat eutrophication in many temperate shallow lakes. However, very limited studies have been done to explore its potential in decreasing phytoplankton in subtropical shallow lakes. We hypothesize that macrophyte restoration can also decrease phytoplankton and shift community structures in subtropical shallow lakes...
Plants and microorganisms are the main biotic compartments for phytoaccumulation and metabolic transformation of organic contaminants in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, how they cope with special pollutants during the treatment process has not been well characterized. In this study, responses of Iris pseudoacorus (I. pseudoacorus) and microbial communities were intensively investigated in pilot-scale...
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are regarded as a risk mitigation strategy for alleviating the risks associated with agricultural runoff that contains pesticides. We investigated the partitioning pattern of wastewater-borne chlorpyrifos, a widely used organophosphorus pesticide, in non-vegetated and vegetated CWs. Removal rates of chlorpyrifos calculated from inflow and outflow concentrations ranged from...
The fate of ammonium (NH₄+) was investigated using the 15N tracer stable isotope technique in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs). Two types of IVCW systems were built: unplanted IVCWs (control) and planted IVCWs. The results showed that a high NH₄+ removal efficiency (95.4%) in the planted IVCWs. Plants not only removed NH₄+ by direct uptake (13.6±0.7%) but also improved the NH₄+removal...
Applying the appropriate allometric equation to accurately estimate biomass is vital for the regional carbon budget. Previous studies have focused on plant biomass at a given time, and few have been conducted on biomass estimates throughout the entire lifespan of a plant. Here we used field data measured from Moso bamboo stands to validate three common allometric equations used for biomass estimates...
Water prediction is the basis for water resource planning and management. However, water resource systems are complex. Water consumption is influenced by various factors whose relations are also complicated. The degree of influence is always different for the same factor in different areas. The effective factors of water consumption are analyzed thoroughly. The influencing factors of high degree are...
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