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In order to maintain the viability of probiotic, the used of prebiotic is important. Aloe vera has been hypothesized to be a prebiotic potential for probiotic. Due to low viability of encapsulated cells, Aloe vera gel was used to be part of enacapsulating matrices for probioctic, Lactobacillus acidophilus. As a result, optimization of Aloe vera gel with sodium alginate was carried out in order to...
The aim of this research was to optimize the cultivation medium for economic production of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus using Aloe vera medium with different carbon (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and nitrogen (yeast extract, meat peptone, ammonium sulphate and urea) sources. Screening step was performed using 28 1/16 fractional factorial design (FFD) to investigate the significant...
This paper presents a hybrid optimization algorithm, referred to as hybrid spiral dynamics bacterial chemotaxis (HSDBC) algorithm. HSDBC synergizes bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) chemotaxis strategy and spiral dynamics algorithm (SDA). The original BFA has higher convergence speed while SDA has better accuracy and stable convergence when approaching the optimum value. This hybrid approach preserves...
This paper describes the evaluation of the spreading factor inertia weight Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for the fuzzy logic control (FLC) of FES-assisted paraplegic indoor rowing exercise (FES-rowing). The FES-rowing is introduced as a total body exercise for rehabilitation of lower extremities through the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES). FLC is used to control the knee...
The demand for higher data rates, capacity and better quality-of-service is constantly growing for home networks. Therefore, there is a pressing need for efficient use of wireless network resources. In this context, the application of cognitive radio principles that enable network nodes to characterize their environment and control their resources based on the acquired knowledge, is the prominent...
Demands for electricity in Malaysia are expected to rise between five to six per cent for the next two to three years in line with increasing urbanization and rapid industrialization in the country. Malaysia is currently enjoying a healthy generating reserve capacity in the electricity sector, with an additional increase of 4,780 megawatt (MW) new generating capacity. Based on actual ratio/percentage...
In this paper, we study resource allocation and relay selection in a decode-and-forward downlink OFDMA cooperative network assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS). We assume that due to feedback delay, the BS has only outdated CSI of BS to users and inter-user links. We propose a centralized optimization framework in which the BS takes decisions on the basis of...
This paper explores the usage of repulsive particle swarm optimization (RPSO) to perform non-linear auto-regressive with exogenous input (NARMAX) system identification of direct current (DC) motor. The NARMAX model was constructed using a recurrent artificial neural network (ANN) model by Rahim and Taib and Yassin et al. The comparison result was made between RPSO method and inertia weight-based PSO...
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