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In this paper, a novel method for preparing atomically smooth gallium nitride (GaN) wafer surfaces which involves chemical mechanical polishing with a non-noble metal catalyst (Fe-Nx) in acidic slurry is presented. It was confirmed that non-noble metal catalyst based slurry could be used for gallium face of GaN. Atomic force microscope images of the processed surface indicate that an atomically flat...
Whether sapphire or SiC wafer, clear and regular atomic step morphology could be observed all over the ultra-smooth wafer surface via atomic force microscopy (AFM) using our CMP technology. However, towards sapphire and SiC wafers, the variations of atomic step widths and step directions on the whole of wafer surface are different. The step widths and step directions on the different positions of...
The diversity and abundance of soil microorganisms are affected by land use and fertilizer application, and these microbial community attributes can provide an insight into soil health. Two methods, microbial plate culture and PCR-DGGE, were employed to study the dynamic changes of the microbial communities in a typical black soil in a long-term land use and fertilization field experiment in Northeast...
Sapphire crystal material has a good transmittance and its infrared transmittance hardly changes with temperature. Therefore it is widely used in lasers, infrared technology, semiconductors, measuring instruments, defense and aerospace and many other areas. But there still have the problems of low productivity, easy scratching the surface and the surface quality of instability and others on the grinding...
The coagulation-flocculation process was used at laboratory bench scale for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and Turbidity in CSO wastewater. Aluminium Sulphate, Ferric chloride, Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Polyferric sulfate (PFS) were employed in the coagulation flocculation process. Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) proved most effective on the removal efficiency of COD and Turbidity,...
A series of specially designed agarose-based HIC adsorbents were examined using human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and human serum albumin (HSA) as model proteins, to investigate the effects of structural properties of both proteins and stationary phases on the adsorption behavior in HIC. The adsorbents examined differ from each other in terms of ligand density, spacer arm and ligand type. Dynamic binding...
In this paper, we will apply reaction-diffusion equation to explain some production-inventory system, and analyze the conditions resulting the system into stability and instability .
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