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Latency is increasingly becoming a performance bottleneck for Internet Protocol (IP) networks, but historically, networks have been designed with aims of maximizing throughput and utilization. This paper offers a broad survey of techniques aimed at tackling latency in the literature up to August 2014, as well as their merits. A goal of this work is to be able to quantify and compare the merits of...
With multimedia and Internet enabled devices being ubiquitous, mechanisms that ensure multimedia flows do not congest the Internet are crucial components of multimedia systems that are embraced rather than opposed by network service providers. The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) Circuit Breaker is designed to terminate RTP/UDP flows that cause excessive congestion in the network. Multimedia users...
Real-time media applications often ignore ongoing congestion if there is no option to reduce the rate. These applications pose a threat to themselves and other traffic. Reducing the transmission rate requires reducing the amount of packets rather than spreading the transmission over a longer interval. Loss-based congestion control mechanisms are unsuitable for this requirement. Also this rate reduction...
For many years Internet routers have been designed and benchmarked in ways that encourage the use of large buffers. When these buffers accumulate a large standing queue, this can lead to high network path latency. Two AQM algorithms: PIE and CoDel, have been recently proposed to reduce buffer latency by avoiding the drawbacks of previous AQM algorithms like RED. This paper explores the performance...
Many modern Internet applications require fast client-server interaction to maximise user interactivity. This need has caused new work to be proposed to working groups of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which seek to remove bottlenecks when starting sessions. RFC 6298 improves Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) responsiveness by retransmitting lost SYNs, or first data segments sent after...
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