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BackgroundThe axillary reverse mapping (ARM) procedure is based on the hypothesis that the lymphatic drainage from the upper arm is different from that of the breast. However, the oncologic safety of the procedure has not yet been determined.
MethodsThe ARM nodes were identified using a fluorescence imaging system. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in patients with clinically involved...
This review article presents an evaluation of the effects of local therapy on survival of breast cancer patients with distant metastases along with a discussion of their relevance. Primary and recurrent breast cancers with distant metastases are systemic diseases with poor prognosis. However, several retrospective studies have demonstrated that surgical removal of the primary breast tumor has a favorable...
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