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It is well known that the addition of alkali elements such as Na and K during and after growth of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) has beneficial effects on the electronic properties of bulk material, improving device performance significantly. While the device level effects have been measured and reported, a direct observations of the localization of Na including its chemical nature are missing, and the impact...
In this work we use state-of-the-art cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum imaging that provides spectrum-per-pixel mapping of the CL emission to examine how dopant elements are incorporated into CdTe. Emission spectra and intensity are used to monitor the spatial distribution of additional charge carriers through characteristic variations in the CL emission based on theoretical modeling. Our results...
Phosphorus diffusion in single crystal and polycrystalline CdTe material is explored using various methods. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is used to determine 1D P diffusion profiles. A 2D diffusion model is used to determine the expected cross-sectional distribution of P in CdTe after diffusion anneals. Time of flight SIMS and cross-sectional cathodoluminescence corroborates expected...
Understanding the spatial composition inhomogeneity in CIGS solar cells can provide insight into a potentially large cause of decreased cell efficiency. We used synchrotron based nano x-ray fluorescence and nano x-ray beam induduced current to investigate the correlation between grain-to-grain compositional variations in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers and variations in carrier collection efficiency...
It is widely reported that polycrystalline CdTe thin films yield higher conversion efficiency than their single crystal counterparts. However, the mechanism that increases the efficiency is not well understood despite a large body of work on the subject. In particular, understanding how grain boundaries affect carrier transport is crucial to providing future pathways for engineering higher efficiency...
As demand for silicon photovoltaic (PV) material increases, so does the need for cost-effective feedstock and production methods that will allow enhanced penetration of silicon PV into the total energy market. The focus on cost minimization for production of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) PV has led to relaxed feedstock purity requirements, which has also introduced undesirable characteristics...
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