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While T cells respond directly to toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, TLR-signaling pathways in T cells are poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate in CD4 + T cells that CpG DNA directly enhances proliferation, prevents anergy, and augments humoral responses to a T cell-dependent antigen by a Myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3...
The alloimmune response can be divided into specific junctures where critical decisions between tolerance and immunity are made which define the outcome of the transplant. At these ''decision nodes'' various cytokines direct alloresponsive T cells to develop either a proinflammatory response aimed at graft destruction or an immunoregulatory response facilitating graft acceptance. This review will...
IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)/Toll-like receptor (TLR) family and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily members are critical for regulating multiple aspects of dendritic cell (DC) biology. Several signaling pathways associated with each family utilize the adapter molecule, TRAF6, but its role in DCs is unclear. By examining TRAF6-deficient mice and bone marrow (BM) chimeras reconstituted with TRAF6-deficient fetal...
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