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Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is one of the most effective and invasive surgeries in renal calculi therapies. Traditional puncture training simulation is conducted by animals' organs or bench models which does not represent neither visual nor tactile clues through the actual procedure. In addition, the accuracy of the training results is also debatable due to the artificial setup. In this paper, we...
Percutaneous surgery is a typical minimally invasive surgery. Featuring minimization in trauma and infection rate as well as rapid recovery time to patients, percutaneous therapy has replaced various traditional open surgery approaches and has become an essential approach for a series of clinic operations over the past decades. However, the practice and training for such a vocational manual skill...
Training of optometrists is traditionally achieved under close supervision of peers and superiors. With the rapid advancement in technology, medical procedures are performed more efficiently and effectively, resulting in faster recovery times and less trauma to the patient. However, application of this technology has made it difficult to effectively demonstrate and teach these manual skills as the...
Polygon and point based models dominate in virtual reality. These models also affect haptic rendering algorithms which are often based on collision with polygons. We use mathematical functions to define and implement geometry (curves, surfaces and solid objects), visual appearance (3D colors and geometric textures) and various tangible physical properties (elasticity, friction, viscosity, and force...
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