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In wireless sensor and actuator networks, none of the existed events ordering algorithms addressed the network delay and failure link jointly. In ordering by double confirmation (OBDC), the process of events ordering cannot be completed, if the failure link existed in network. In temporal event ordering with fault tolerance (TEOFT), the rate of correct events ordering decreased dramatically if the...
Over-segmentation is often used in text recognition to generate candidate characters. In this paper, we propose a neural network-based over-segmentation method for cropped scene text recognition. On binarized text line image, a segmentation window slides over each connected component, and a neural network is used to classify whether the window locates a segmentation point or not. We evaluate several...
Handwritten Chinese text recognition based on over-segmentation and path search integrating contexts has been demonstrated successful, where language models play an important role. Recently, neural network language models (NNLMs) have shown superiority to back-off N-gram language models (BLMs) in handwriting recognition, but have not been studied in Chinese text recognition system. This paper investigates...
This paper presents an AP selection for indoor positioning based on Wi-Fi received signal strength (RSS), which is a low cost and easy-accessible technique. However, the RSS are changeable over time by multipath effect, which may affect the accuracy of positioning. First, the system uses the box plot to remove the outlier of the RSS samples from APs to smooth the RSS. Then, the standard deviation...
Character string recognition based on over segmentation by integrating character classifier and context models has been demonstrated successful. Geometric context models characterizing the candidate character likeliness and between character relationship have shown benefits in several scripts but have not been evaluated in numeral string recognition. Compared with Chinese scripts mixed with alphanumeric...
Wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN) is a new kind of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. In WSANs, while sensors gather and send the sensing messages from the physical environment, actors need to take appropriate actions. Based upon the rich source actor, WSANs are increasingly deployed for accurately monitoring the environments subjected to critical conditions. The ordering of monitored...
Recent technological advances have lead to the emergence of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) which sensors gather the information for an event and actors perform the appropriate actions. Since sensors are prone to failure due to energy depletion, hardware failure, and communication link errors, designing an efficient fault tolerance mechanism becomes an important issue in WSAN. However, most...
In grid-based routing protocol, one node in a grid is elected as the grid leader. However, in the traditional grid leader election, nodes consume extra energy for election, especially in a high node density environment. In this paper, we propose a triangular power saving routing protocol with power balance (TPSPB) to address this issue. In TPSPB, a grid leader is elected directly without sending control...
In grid-based routing protocol, one node in a grid is elected as the grid leader. However, nodes consume extra energy for in the traditional grid leader election, especially in a high node density environment. In this paper, we propose a triangular energy saving route protocol by energy sieving (TESRES) to address this issue. In TESRES, a new grid leader election and a triangular route discovery are...
Wireless ad hoc networks becomes a new type of wireless networks gradually because it could communicate to each other without infrastructure base stations. Due to limited power, routing path is broken easily, so how to design an effective power saving routing protocol is an important issue in wireless ad hoc networks. To solve this issue, we propose a new routing protocol called power saving routing...
In wireless ad hoc networks, designing energy-efficient routing protocols is a major issue since mobile hosts are energy-limited. In this paper, we propose an energy saving cache-based routing protocol (ESCR) to address this issue. In the proposed routing protocol, when the energy of the grid header is not sufficient for data transmission, new grid header is elected directly by ESCR without the traditional...
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