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Melatonin is synthesized in the pineal gland during nighttime in response to nocturnal increase in the activity of the enzyme aralkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT), the transcription of which is modulated by several homeodomain transcription factors. Recent work suggests that the homeodomain transcription factor ISL LIM homeobox 2 (ISL2) is expressed in the pineal gland, but its role is currently...
Circadian oscillators, defined by cellular 24 h clock gene rhythms, are found throughout the brain. Cerebral cortex‐specific conditional knockout of the clock gene Bmal1 (Bmal1 CKO) leads to depressive‐like behavior, but the molecular link from clock gene to altered behavior is unknown. Further, diurnal proteomic data on the cerebral cortex are currently unavailable. With the aim of determining the...
Cover Illustration: Confocal microscope image of an immunohistochemical staining of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of a cerebral cortex‐specific circadian clock gene Bmal1 conditional knockout mouse. The image illustrates the resulting increased density and intensity of the astrocytic marker GFAP (green) here combined with a DAPI nuclear stain (blue). (See Bering, T., et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia...
Circadian clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) controls 24 h rhythms in body functions, but clock genes are also expressed in extra‐hypothalamic tissues, including the melatonin‐producing pineal gland. The nocturnal increase in pineal melatonin synthesis is a hallmark in circadian biology, but the role of local clock gene oscillations in the mammalian pineal gland is unknown...