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Background
Regular physical activity is associated with cardiovascular health; however, intensive exercise can have harmful effects on the heart. Two‐dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a well‐established diagnostic tool to evaluate subclinical myocardial dysfunction and has been widely used in athletes in recent years. This study is designed to evaluate whether low‐intensity...
Background
Cigarette smoking causes myocardial damage with several mechanisms such as sympathetic nervous system activation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic smokers have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac events. We aimed to compare the myocardial deformation parameters between chronic smokers and nonsmoker healthy population.
Method
Forty‐two...
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