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This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and the risk of varicose veins. The data were sourced from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of European individuals. Multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) methods were used to evaluate the association between inflammatory cytokines and varicose veins. The study found significant associations between elevated...
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) represent a substantial challenge within the healthcare landscape, thereby necessitating efficacious therapeutic strategies. Exercise has been investigated as a prospective intervention to bolster the management of VLUs. The objective of this comprehensive review is to systematically scrutinize and appraise the extant body of evidence pertaining to the impact of exercise on...