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Quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol is a method for negotiating a fair and secure key among mutually untrusted participants. Recently, Xu et al. (Quantum Inf. Process. 13:2587–2594, 2014) proposed a multi-party QKA protocol based on Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. However, this study points out that Xu et al.’s protocol cannot provide the fairness property. That is, the last involved participant...
This study points out that Zhu et al.'s quantum key agreement protocol (Quantum Inf Process 14(11): 4245–4254) suffers from a collusive attack. That is, two dishonest participants in the protocol can collaborate to manipulate the final secret key without being detected.
Recently, Chen et al. (DOI 10.1109/SMC.2015. 281) proposed a multiparty quantum key agreement protocol based on Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) state. They claimed that their protocol can achieve both the security property and the fairness property. However, this study points out that Chen et al.'s protocol cannot achieve the fairness property by an Internal Attack. That is, one of the involved...
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