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This study focuses on the effects of interactions among bio-oil components on the formation of aromatic structures of bio-oil during its thermal treatment processes at various temperatures and heating rates. A bio-oil sample and its extracted fractions were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor at 300–800 °C at different temperatures and heating rates. The results show that the pyrolytic products (including...
Gas transport in coal and shale matrices does not always fall into the continuum flow regime described by Darcy’s law. Rather, a considerable portion of this transport is sporadic and irregular when the mean free path of gas becomes comparable to the prevailing pore scale. A nonlinear process influenced by non-Darcy flow components like gas sorption, gas slippage, and diffusion occurs throughout gas...
The structural evolution of coal during pyrolysis process has been studied for a long time but remains unclear, mainly due to the extraordinary complexity of coal structure. The present study aimed to further identify the chemical structural evolution of different parts in the semi-chars obtained by low-temperature pyrolysis of a Chinese low-rank coal (Shenfu coal). Semi-chars and their solvent extracted...
The sorption capacity of coal is influenced by temperature, coal rank, mineral composition and moisture content. In the study, we experimentally measure the methane and carbon dioxide sorption capacity at various temperature for Illinois coal. A volumetric adsorption apparatus was employed to determine the excess gas adsorption capacity, and then the absolute adsorption capacity was estimated through...
Four types of biomass-derived organics (toluene/1-methylnaphthalene/phenol/ethanol) were catalytically decomposed and steam reformed over Ni/α-Al2O3 for co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In the decomposition reaction, the oxygen functional group in phenol and ethanol promoted the co-production of hydrogen and CNTs, while a small amount of toluene and 1-methylnaphthalene were cracked...
Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 has great potentials for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production from lignocellulosic carbon sources. However, fundamental information about its metabolism of lignocellulosic sugars and tolerance to fermentation inhibitors is not available. Here, we systematically evaluated effects of representative sugars and lignocellulosic inhibitors on ABE fermentation...
The existence form and structure properties of mobile phase (MP) in low-rank coals (LRCs) can significantly influence the initial stage of thermal conversion. In the present work, three Chinese LRCs, namely, Shenfu, Zhundong and Hongshaquan, were extracted with tetrahydrofuran using the microwave-assisted heating. The tetrahydrofuran-microwave-extracted (TME) portion as the representative of MP was...
Extraction of methane from hydrate-bearing sediment (HBS) has aroused increasing interest around the world. However, the decomposition of gas hydrate may cause significant sediment deformation, which is one of the main obstructions for the hydrate exploitation. To investigate the decomposition behaviors of methane hydrate in different sediments and study the sediment deformation during hydrate decomposition,...
Radio frequency (RF) heating assisted alkaline pretreatment was evaluated as an emerging technology to generate hydrolysates for acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation. Traditional water bath (WB) heating was utilized as a control. ABE fermentation was conducted with Clostridium beijerinckii 8052 using the hydrolysates as carbon sources with or without yeast extract (YE, as supplemented complex...
Gas diffusion in coal is controlled by nano-structure of the pores. The interconnectivity of pores not only determines the dynamics of gas transport in the coal matrix but also influences the mechanical strength. In this study, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to quantify pore accessibility for two coal samples, one of sub-bituminous rank and the other of anthracite rank. A theoretical...
This study explores the combustion characteristics of a 300kWth air-firing furnace adapted for oxy-firing combustion. The influences of operating pressure and oxygen/recycled flue gas (RFG) blend ratio on the combustion characteristics of oxy-coal firing were examined, especially on the exhausted CO2 concentration. High purity CO2 (94.1%) at the exit of the system was achieved for oxy-coal combustion...
Three kinds of bio-chars derived from various solid wastes, such as municipal solid wastes, agricultural wastes and medicinal residues, were modified by physical and/or chemical modification. The Hg0 adsorption capacities of the modification bio-chars in flue gas were comparatively studied. Physical modification increased the surface areas of the bio-chars, which was favorable in the physisorption...
This study aims to investigate the importance of steam to tar destruction during the volatile–char interactions. Steam was supplied in the absence and presence of nascent char during the pyrolysis/gasification of biomass at 850°C. In the absence of char, steam has more significant effects on the reforming of large aromatic ring systems (e.g. >2 fused benzene rings) than small and isolated aromatics...
This paper reports an experimental study to assess the effects of CO 2 and heating rate on the characteristics of the chars formed in CO 2 and N 2 atmospheres in the initial stage of oxy-fuel combustion. The chars of a Chinese bituminous coal were prepared in a fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor at 900°C and their chemical structural features were further characterised with FT-Raman...
Bio-n-butanol as a potential alternative bio-fuel is accepted more and more attention presently in the fields of both scientific research and commercial market; however, n-butanol is impossible to substitute conventional fuels completely in the short and medium term. Therefore, understanding the premixed flame’s characteristics of iso-octane/n-butanol mixture fuels is no doubt an important way to...
This study aims to investigate the roles of char in the in situ destruction of tar during the volatile–char interactions. Rice straw and water/acid-washed rice straw samples were pyrolysed at 850°C with controlled extents of volatile–char interactions in a fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor. Our results indicate that the amount of tar decreases significantly with increasing extent of volatile–char interactions...
A novel method for hydrate production named “Five-spot thermal huff and puff (HP-5S)” is designed and employed to investigate the behaviors of hydrate dissociation in the Cubic Hydrate Simulator (CHS). This method uses the thermal huff and puff method in a five-spot well system. In addition, the experiments with the methods of the five-spot thermal huff and puff in conjunction with depressurization...
This study has investigated the hydrotreatment of bio-oil (derived from the fast pyrolysis of mallee woody biomass) in a batch reactor under 10MPa pressure with Pd/C catalyst at temperatures between 150°C and 300°C. Our results indicate that the chemical fractions, coking tendency as well as the aromatic structures are highly influenced by the hydrotreating conditions such as temperature and time...
In this study a non-aqueous potentiometric titration method has been developed to quantify the carboxylic acids and phenolics in bio-oil. Quarternary ammonium hydroxide was used as the titrant and a mixture of tert-butanol and acetone was used as the solvent to differentiate the acidic components with distinct acidities. The heavy carboxylic acids, which cannot be identified with GC–MS, account for...
This study has investigated the observed product distribution as a function of temperature and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) from the continuous hydrotreatment of pyrolysis bio-oil in a packed-bed catalytic reactor using a Pd/C catalyst. Our results show that, at a constant overall LHSV value, the time required to achieve a steady state formation rate varies widely among the various species...
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