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Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third-leading cause of death from cardiovascular disease. Currently, PE is treated via catheter-delivered, ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis using side-fired, low-intensity ultrasound energy (0.5 W/cm2) at ∼2 MHz to reduce the required dose of thrombolytic drugs because of the enhanced drug penetration into the clot. However, several clinical studies have shown that the...
Catheter-delivered ultrasound has been widely utilized for intravascular therapies such as thrombolysis, drug delivery, and plaque removal. High amplitude pressure is required for cavitation induced-microstreaming, which is considered main factor for therapeutic efficiency. Precise spatiotemporal control of insonation is important to relieve concerns on ultrasound-induced damaging of surrounding healthy...
In this paper, we report the development of optical fiber laser-generated-focused-ultrasound (LGFU) transducers for intravascular therapies. By combining advantages of fiber optics and photoacoustics, high frequency (>10 MHz), high pressure (> 10 MPa), short pulse (<10 ns) shock waves can be generated from a small aperture (<1 mm in diameter), which is immune to electromagnetic noise....
In this paper, we report the development of miniaturized forward-looking transducers for microbubble-mediated intravascular ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis (UET). UET has shown its efficacy for thrombo-occlusive disease by enhancing penetration of thrombolytic drugs into clots, reducing the required dose. In this study, we adopted a previously-developed forward-looking, stacked type transducer for...
Carbon-based materials have been considered as an efficient light-absorption component of film-type laser ultrasound transducers. Our previously designed laser ultrasound patch composed of candle soot nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane (CS/PDMS) composites showed high photoacoustic transducer efficiency than other carbon-based composites. In this study, we demonstrate that the carbon volume fraction...
A laser-generated-focused ultrasound (LGFU) transducer generates high-pressure (up to 20 MPa), high-frequency (>10 MHz) shock waves with a tight focal spot. In this work, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of using LGFU transducers for sonothrombolysis in vitro. A carbon black LGFU transducer was designed, fabricated and characterized. The prototyped LGFU was applied with in-vitro thrombolysis...
Laser ultrasound transducers, converting the laser pulses into acoustic waves with high frequency, broadband and high pressure amplitude, is attractive to many biomedical and industrial applications. In this paper, nanocomposites consisting of carbon nanomaterials, PDMS and PVDF were incorporated into a transducer structure for ultrasound transmitting and receiving. The prototyped nanocomposite transducers...
As a novel composite material for laser ultrasound transducer, candle soot nanoparticles polydimethylsiloxane (CSPs-PDMS) has been demonstrated to generate high frequency, broadband, and high-amplitude ultrasound waves. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the high-optoacoustic conversion efficiency exhibited by the composite. A thermal-acoustic coupling model was proposed for analyzing...
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most effective and common practice for the treatment of renal calculi. After the treatment X-ray or ultrasound images are used to visually estimate the fragmentation of the stone. Unfortunately, up to now, there is not any method for quantitative estimation of the fragmentation level from ultrasound images. Conventional ultrasound image systems acquire...
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