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In the first head‐to‐head study of nalmefene nasal spray (OPVEE is the trade name) vs. naloxone to reverse opioid overdose conducted in volunteers, researchers found that nalmefene worked faster than a 4 milligram (mg) dose of naloxone. It worked much faster, in fact, 2.7 mgs of OPVEE reversed respiratory depression within 5 minutes, compared to 20 minutes for 4 mgs of naloxone. The opioid that was...
Recent studies have found that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have disparities in their treatment during pregnancy, resulting in adverse birth outcomes, according to background material introducing a study of a prospective birth cohort.
Genetics may be more responsible for an association between psychedelic use by teens and manic symptoms than the use of the drug itself. A recent study of 16,255 adolescent twins found that psychedelic use was associated with lower rates of psychotic symptoms when adjusting for other drug use. However, psychedelic use was associated with more manic symptoms in teens with a higher genetic vulnerability...
About 11% of 12th graders have used delta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the past year, according to an analysis of last year's Monitoring the Future Study which is conducted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
Contingency management (CM) is the only proven treatment for stimulant use disorder. It is based on paying people money for staying off stimulants, but the reward has to be much bigger than the $75 a year allowed under federal law (See Contingency management, best treatment for stimulants, essential with fentanyl; CPU April 2023; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpu.30761). In February,...
That there is a strong relationship between psychosis and self‐harm is not in question. However, most of the research conducted has been on individuals already diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. So researchers wanted to look at whether self‐harm can be a marker for future psychosis.
Stories of overdose deaths greatly outnumber stories of withdrawal precipitated by the use of rescue medications such as naloxone. In fact, the illicit fentanyl supply is so strong that the standard dose of intranasal naloxone — 4 milligrams — is no longer enough in most cases, unless there is oxygen supplementation (see FDA urges higher naloxone doses in fentanyl era, CPU March 2024; https://onlinelibrary...
A “toolkit” (federalese for a brochure) on overdose prevention and rescue from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued last month has outdated recommendations for overdose rescue medications. The toolkit, which SAMHSA released at last month's annual CADCA conference, calls for giving one dose (4 mg) of naloxone initially, followed by a second dose two or three...
A small‐scale study funded by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found that in community settings (as opposed to ambulances or hospital emergency rooms) where there is no oxygen available, the window in which naloxone can reverse injury due to oxygen deprivation and death due to cardiac arrest is limited. The study, conducted with 21 healthy participants, compared administration of different doses...
Last year a seminal study, “Prenatal antidepressant exposure and offspring brain morphologic trajectory” by Dojukan Koc, M.D., and colleagues was published in JAMA Psychiatry. The cohort study results suggested that there may be an association between prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure and changed brain regions involved in emotional regulation in offspring; however, in...
With most young people who die by suicide interfacing with the health care system sometime in the year before, there are opportunities for preventing this. On the other hand, most children and adolescents evaluated for mental health conditions in the emergency department (ED) did not get an appointment with a mental health professional within a week. Researchers have looked at the data and conclude...
After generally declining for decades, suicide rates among children aged 10–17 rose dramatically from 2011 to 2018, according to an article released in December 2023. The author, from RAND, writes that the illicit opioid crisis is responsible. This began with the August 2010 introduction of an abuse‐resistant form of the painkiller OxyContin. No longer available for abuse, the drug was replaced on...
A recent literature review highlights the need to investigate a patient's medical issues before diagnosing, and treating, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). According to the review which looked at studies conducted over the past 20 years, several medical conditions can be misdiagnosed as ADHD. These conditions may have a similar presentation to ADHD, especially in regard to inattentive...
The most common pregnancy complication, and the leading cause of preventable maternal mortality, are perinatal mental health problems. Sometimes, clinicians don't want to screen for something because they don't know what to do if the results are positive: but in the case of perinatal depression, there are treatments, according to a new study.
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