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In Norway, river floodplains are legitimately attractive for development, due to their flat land and good soil, but this has also led to major flood disasters. To address this concern, the dominant approach has been a strong focus on structural engineering measures separating water and people. Norwegian national policies for flood risk reduction have been gradually changing towards alternatives to structural engineering approaches. So far, few inroads have been made at the local level. To detail and analyse the opportunities and challenges for river flood risk reduction in Norway, a detailed case study of the flood risks for the city of Moss in southern Norway is presented. This paper's contribution is to examine the structural engineering paradigm in the context of changing flood risk, and national–local differences for flood risk reduction, for the case study of Norway. Drawing on international experiences would help Norway in balancing river flood risk reduction with other local development and livelihood activities.
This paper presents an overview of flood characteristics with respect to their applicability for estimating and analysing direct flood damage to buildings. The approach taken is to define ''flood actions'' as acts which a flood could directly do to a building, potentially causing damage or failure. This definition expands the traditional approach of analysing flood damage to buildings which often...
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