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Women's football (soccer) in Turkey is an introverted community of practice with linguistic practices and ideologies that maintain homophobia as norm. The word “lesbian” is taboo and substituted with “shorthaired,” and lesbian identity is erased as “wannabe manliness.” Homosexuality appears “acceptable” (through erasure) only when women self‐present as normatively feminine, and such “propriety” is...
Soccer in Turkey has in recent decades become increasingly commodified. This process has been reinforced by a national law passed in 2011 that promises to prevent violence in the stands and “civilize” fandom. For upper‐middle‐class fans, the new “cleaned‐up” version of soccer secures class distinction, but among less affluent and working‐class fans, it has inspired resistance. Class conflict is here...
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