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Asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis (AD) are interrelated clinical phenotypes that partly overlap in the human interactome. The concept of “one‐airway‐one‐disease,” coined over 20 years ago, is a simplistic approach of the links between upper‐ and lower‐airway allergic diseases. With new data, it is time to reassess the concept. This article reviews (i) the clinical observations that led to Allergic...
Background
The Birch Allergoid, Tyrosine Adsorbate, Monophosphoryl Lipid A (POLLINEX® Quattro Plus 1.0 ml Birch 100%) is an effective, well‐tolerated short course subcutaneous immunotherapy. We performed 2 phase II studies to determine its optimal cumulative dose.
Methods
The studies were conducted in Germany, Austria and Poland (EudraCT numbers: 2012‐004336‐28 PQBirch203 and 2015‐000984‐15 PQBirch204)...
The accurate assessment and communication of the severity of acute allergic reactions are important to patients, clinicians, researchers, the food industry, and public health and regulatory authorities. Severity has different meanings to different stakeholders with patients and clinicians rating the significance of particular symptoms very differently. Many severity scoring systems have been generated,...
Background
Preventive measures to decrease the frequency and intensity of anaphylactic events are essential to provide optimal care for allergic patients. Aggravating factors may trigger or increase the severity of anaphylaxis and therefore need to be recognized and avoided.
Objective
To identify and prioritize factors associated with an increased risk of developing severe anaphylaxis.
Methods...
Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) is an allergic disorder of the nose and eyes affecting about a fifth of the general population. Symptoms of AR can be controlled with allergen avoidance measures and pharmacotherapy. However, many patients continue to have ongoing symptoms and an impaired quality of life; pharmacotherapy may also induce some side‐effects. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) represents the...
Background
Glycoproteins and glycolipids of some mammalian species contain the disaccharide galactosyl‐α‐(1,3)‐galactose (α‐Gal). It is known that α‐Gal is immunogenic in humans and causes glycan‐specific IgG and also IgE responses with clinical relevance. α‐Gal is part of the IgE‐reactive monoclonal therapeutic antibody cetuximab (CTX) and is associated with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. In this...
BackgroundThe European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) is in the process of developing Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis. To inform the development of clinical recommendations, we undertook a systematic review to assess the effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness, and safety of AIT in the management of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
MethodsWe...
Anaphylaxis is a life‐threatening hypersensitivity reaction. To identify biomarkers for the condition, we assessed serum levels of apolipoprotein (Apo)A and ApoE. We found a reduction of both lipoproteins in anaphylactic mice as well as in orally challenged food allergic patients. We then compared patients after acute anaphylaxis with several control groups (nonallergic, history of allergen‐triggered...
Background
Conflicting results exist on the effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on pollen‐related food allergy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of one‐year AIT with the folding variant (FV) of recombinant (r) Bet v 1 on birch‐related soya allergy.
Methods
Of 138 subjects with Bet v 1 sensitization, 82 were positive at double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with soya. A...
This consensus document summarizes the current knowledge on the potential for precision medicine in food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis under the auspices of the PRACTALL collaboration platform. PRACTALL is a joint effort of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, which aims to synchronize the European and American...
In older children, adolescents, and adults, a substantial part of all IgE‐mediated food allergies is caused by cross‐reacting allergenic structures shared by inhalants and foods. IgE stimulated by a cross‐reactive inhalant allergen can result in diverse patterns of allergic reactions to various foods. Local, mild, or severe systemic reactions may occur already after the first consumption of a food...
BackgroundA detailed characterization of human oral immune cells is needed to better understand local mechanisms associated with allergen capture following oral exposure.
MethodsOral immune cells were characterized by immunohistology and immunofluorescence in biopsies obtained from three healthy individuals and 23 birch pollen‐allergic patients with/without oral allergy syndrome (OAS), at baseline...
BackgroundStructured educational programmes for patients at risk for anaphylaxis have not yet been established. Patients and caregivers often lack adequate skills in managing the disease.
MethodsTo investigate effects of structured patient education intervention on knowledge, emergency management skills and psychological parameters in patients with previous episodes of anaphylaxis and caregivers...
BackgroundOccurrence, elicitors and treatment of severe allergic reactions are recognized and reported differently between countries. We aimed to collect standardized data throughout Europe on anaphylaxis referred for diagnosis and counselling.
MethodsTertiary allergy, dermatology and paediatric units in 10 European countries took part in this pilot phase of the first European Anaphylaxis Registry,...
Anaphylaxis is a life‐threatening condition that is increasing in prevalence in the developed world. There is universal expert agreement that rapid intramuscular injection of adrenaline is life‐saving and constitutes the first‐line treatment of anaphylaxis. The unpredictable nature of anaphylaxis and its rapid progression makes necessary the availability of a portable emergency treatment suitable...
Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency, and all healthcare professionals should be familiar with its recognition and acute and ongoing management. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Taskforce on Anaphylaxis. They aim to provide evidence‐based recommendations for the recognition, risk factor assessment, and the management of patients...
Food allergy can result in considerable morbidity, impact negatively on quality of life, and prove costly in terms of medical care. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Guidelines for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group, building on previous EAACI position papers on adverse reaction to foods and three recent systematic reviews on the...
To establish the effectiveness of interventions for the acute and long‐term management of anaphylaxis, seven databases were searched for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, quasi‐randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before–after studies and interrupted time series and – only in relation to adrenaline – case series investigating the effectiveness of interventions...
BackgroundAnaphylaxis is an acute, potentially fatal, multi‐organ system, allergic reaction caused by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and basophils. Uncertainty exists around epidemiological measures of incidence and prevalence, risk factors, risk of recurrence, and death due to anaphylaxis. This systematic review aimed to (1) understand and describe the epidemiology of anaphylaxis...
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