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Background: The goal of maze procedure is to prevent atrial fibrillation but allow sinus impulses to propagate via an isthmus, which connects viable atrial tissues. The size and structure of isthmus associated with this desirable effect remain unclear.Methods: Endocardial isthmuses of decreasing sizes (2, 1 and 0.5 cm) were created in five isolated and perfused canine right atria (3.8 by 3.2 cm)...
Background: According to multiple wavelet hypothesis, breaking up of large wavefronts (WFs) into smaller daughter wavelets is essential in maintaining ventricular fibrillation (VF). The dynamic precursors underlying wave break is unclear.Methods: The epicardium of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract was mapped with 477-bipolar electrode plaque (3.2 x 3.4 cm) in 9 open-chest dogs. The RV was...
Background: It is not known why a given electrical shock (ES) strength can at times be successful (S) and in others unsuccessful (U). Since during VF a vulnerable period (VP) exists during which ES reinitiates reentrant (R) VF, we hypothesize that defibrillation (DF) shock outcome depends on the amount of tissue that is in its VP (50%-60% of local activation cycle length (CL)).Methods: The RV of...
To test the hypothesis that progressive shortening of action potential duration (APD) may destabilize the reentrant wave front (RWF), 9 isolated canine right atria were perfused with Tyrode's solution containing 1-5 uM acetylcholine (Ach). We mapped the endocardium using 477 bipolar electrodes (1.6 mm apart), while simultaneously recording action potentials with microelectrode from the epicardium...
Background: There are no single-center studies that have systematically reported the impact of operator experience and technical refinements on the acute outcome of Inoue-balloon mitral commissurotomy (BMC) performed in a large series of pts.Methods: Inoue-BMC was performed in 799 pts (204 men and 595 women; mean age, 45 years); 469 pts with pliable mitral valve (group 1) and 330 pts with calcified...
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