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With miniaturization of the interconnect solder bumps, high current density causes serious reliability issues (stress, electromigration etc.) in electronic packages. Through Au stud bumping on the chips and following reflow of solder to produce hybrid interconnects, the eletromigration resistance may be improved by the intermetallics formed inside them due to their barrier effects on the atoms migration...
Aiming at the problem of reliability redundancy design algorithm, this paper presents an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm with foraging behavior. In this method, the bacterial foraging process is introduced into the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm, which can give the function of particle movement and turning, improve the ability of local search and avoid premature behavior...
Human interactions are related to the possibility to fail. Making errors or acting non optimal is strongly connected to the nature of the human being. The causes of errors resulting in preparation for and during interaction may be manifold. In case of formalizable interaction environments an action-discrete modeling approach can be used, distinguishing situations and operators describing formalizable...
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