Search results for: Richard M. Martin

Items from 1 to 20 out of 108 results

article

Establishing causal relationships between sleep and adiposity traits using Mendelian randomization

Bryony L. Hayes, Marina Vabistsevits, Richard M. Martin, Deborah A. Lawlor, more

Obesity > 31 > 3 > 861 - 870

Objective The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the direction of any potential causal effect between sleep and adiposity traits. Methods Two‐sample Mendelian randomization was used to assess the association of genetically predicted sleep traits with adiposity and vice versa. Using data from UK Biobank and 23andMe, the sleep traits explored were morning preference (chronotype; N = 697,828),...

article

Association of germline TYK2 variation with lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk

James Yarmolinsky, Christopher I. Amos, Rayjean J. Hung, Victor Moreno, more

International Journal of Cancer > 151 > 12 > 2155 - 2160

Deucravacitinib, a novel, selective inhibitor of TYK2 is currently under review at the FDA and EMA for treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. It is unclear whether recent safety concerns (ie, elevated rates of lung cancer and lymphoma) related to similar medications (ie, other JAK inhibitors) are shared with this novel TYK2 inhibitor. We used a partial loss‐of‐function variant in TYK2 (rs34536443),...

article

Functional and quality of life outcomes of localised prostate cancer treatments (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment [ProtecT] study)

Janet Athene Lane, Jenny L. Donovan, Grace J. Young, Michael Davis, more

BJU International > 130 > 3 > 370 - 380

Objective To investigate the functional and quality of life (QoL) outcomes of treatments for localised prostate cancer and inform treatment decision‐making. Patients and Methods Men aged 50–69 years diagnosed with localised prostate cancer by prostate‐specific antigen testing and biopsies at nine UK centres in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) trial were randomised to, or...

article

Circulating free testosterone and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: Prospective and Mendelian randomisation analyses in international consortia

Eleanor L. Watts, Aurora Perez‐Cornago, Georgina K. Fensom, Karl Smith‐Byrne, more

International Journal of Cancer > 151 > 7 > 1033 - 1046

Previous studies had limited power to assess the associations of testosterone with aggressive disease as a primary endpoint. Further, the association of genetically predicted testosterone with aggressive disease is not known. We investigated the associations of calculated free and measured total testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) with aggressive, overall and early‐onset prostate...

article

Contribution of the Cluster randomised triAl of PSA testing for Prostate cancer (CAP) to the ongoing debate on the value of prostate cancer screening

Richard M. Martin, Padraig Dixon, Emma Turner, Edna Keeney

BJU International > 129 > 3 > 269 - 270

article

Delivery by caesarean section and offspring adiposity and cardio‐metabolic health at ages 6.5, 11.5 and 16 years: results from the PROBIT cohort in Belarus

Sheryl L Rifas‐Shiman, Susanna Y Huh, Richard M Martin, Michael Kramer, more

Pediatric Obesity > 16 > 9 > n/a - n/a

Background Caesarean delivery has been associated with later adiposity, perhaps via early programming or perhaps because of residual confounding by maternal or birth characteristics. Objectives Examine associations of caesarean delivery with adiposity and cardio‐metabolic biomarkers. Methods Observational analysis of 15 069 children in the PROBIT cohort in Belarus. We examined measures of child...

article

Risk of neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular adverse events following treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink: a case–cross‐over study

Kyla H. Thomas, Neil M. Davies, Amy E. Taylor, Gemma M. J. Taylor, more

Addiction > 116 > 6 > 1532 - 1545

Background and aims Varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are the most commonly used medications to quit smoking. Given their widespread use, monitoring adverse risks remains important. This study aimed to estimate the neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular risks associated with varenicline and NRT as used in routine UK care. Design Case–cross‐over study. Setting UK‐based electronic...

article

Circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐I, total and free testosterone concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 200 000 men in UK Biobank

Eleanor L. Watts, Georgina K. Fensom, Karl Smith Byrne, Aurora Perez‐Cornago, more

International Journal of Cancer > 148 > 9 > 2274 - 2288

Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and testosterone have been implicated in prostate cancer aetiology. Using data from a large prospective full‐cohort with standardised assays and repeat blood measurements, and genetic data from an international consortium, we investigated the associations of circulating IGF‐I, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), and total and calculated free testosterone concentrations...

article

Genetically predicted circulating concentrations of micronutrients and risk of breast cancer: A Mendelian randomization study

Nikos Papadimitriou, Niki Dimou, Dipender Gill, Ioanna Tzoulaki, more

International Journal of Cancer > 148 > 3 > 646 - 653

The epidemiological literature reports inconsistent associations between consumption or circulating concentrations of micronutrients and breast cancer risk. We investigated associations between genetically predicted concentrations of 11 micronutrients (beta‐carotene, calcium, copper, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, vitamin B₆, vitamin B₁₂ and zinc) and breast cancer risk using Mendelian...

article

Mendelian randomisation analysis of circulating adipokines and C‐reactive protein on breast cancer risk

Timothy Robinson, Richard M. Martin, James Yarmolinsky

International Journal of Cancer > 147 > 6 > 1597 - 1603

Circulating adipokines and C‐reactive protein (CRP) have been linked to breast cancer risk in observational epidemiological studies. The causal nature of these associations is unclear because of the susceptibility of conventional observational designs to residual confounding, reverse causation and other forms of bias. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genetic variants as proxies for risk factors to...

article

The ProtecT trial: analysis of the patient cohort, baseline risk stratification and disease progression

Richard J. Bryant, Jon Oxley, Grace J. Young, Janet A. Lane, more

BJU International > 125 > 4 > 506 - 514

Objective To test the hypothesis that the baseline clinico‐pathological features of the men with localized prostate cancer (PCa) included in the ProtecT (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment) trial who progressed (n = 198) at a 10‐year median follow‐up were different from those of men with stable disease (n = 1409). Patients and Methods We stratified the study participants at baseline according...

article

The associations of anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors with circulating concentrations of IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGFBP‐1, IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3 in a pooled analysis of 16,024 men from 22 studies

Eleanor L. Watts, Aurora Perez‐Cornago, Paul N. Appleby, Demetrius Albanes, more

International Journal of Cancer > 145 > 12 > 3244 - 3256

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been implicated in the aetiology of several cancers. To better understand whether anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors may play a role in cancer risk via IGF signalling, we examined the cross‐sectional associations of these exposures with circulating concentrations of IGFs (IGF‐I and...

article

Association of BMI with Linear Growth and Pubertal Development

Izzuddin M. Aris, Sheryl L. Rifas‐Shiman, Xun Zhang, Seungmi Yang, more

Obesity > 27 > 10 > 1661 - 1670

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of BMI with subsequent statural growth among children born in the era of the obesity epidemic. Methods Among 18,271 children from Belarus (n = 16,781, born 1996 to 1997) and the United States (n = 1,490, born 1999 to 2002), multivariable linear and ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze associations of BMI z score from...

article

Associations of atopic dermatitis and asthma with child behaviour: Results from the PROBIT cohort

Natalia Ballardini, Michael S. Kramer, Emily Oken, Alexander John Henderson, more

Clinical & Experimental Allergy > 49 > 9 > 1235 - 1244

Background Conflicting findings from studies evaluating associations of allergic disease with child behaviour require longitudinal studies to resolve. Objective To estimate the magnitude of associations of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy, and symptoms of asthma and AD at 6.5 years, with child behaviour at 6.5 years. Methods Secondary cohort analysis of the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention...

article

Assessment of eating attitudes and dieting behaviors in healthy children: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Children's Eating Attitudes Test

Tanya J. Murphy, Heungsun Hwang, Michael S. Kramer, Richard M. Martin, more

International Journal of Eating Disorders > 52 > 6 > 669 - 680

Objective The Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) is a self‐report questionnaire that is conventionally summarized with a single score to identify “problematic” eating attitudes, masking informative variability in different eating attitude domains. This study evaluated the empirical support for single‐ versus multifactor models of the ChEAT. For validation, we compared how well the single‐ versus...

article

Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial

Rhona A. Beynon, Rebecca C. Richmond, Diana L. Santos Ferreira, Andrew R. Ness, more

International Journal of Cancer > 144 > 8 > 1918 - 1928

Lycopene and green tea consumption have been observationally associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of factorial randomisation to a 6‐month lycopene and green tea dietary advice or supplementation intervention on 159 serum metabolite measures in 128 men with raised PSA levels (but prostate cancer‐free),...

article

Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Luke A. Robles, Karen Dawe, Richard M. Martin, Julian P. T. Higgins, more

Systematic Reviews > 2019 > 8 > 1 > 1-6

Background Evidence from studies on prostate cancer progression have identified vitamin D to be a potentially important nutrient. However, the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research have reported the quality of this evidence to be limited and warrant further investigation. We plan to use the recently developed WCRF International/University of Bristol mechanistic systematic...

article

Mendelian randomization does not support serum calcium in prostate cancer risk

James Yarmolinsky, Katie Berryman, Ryan Langdon, Carolina Bonilla, more

Cancer Causes & Control > 2018 > 29 > 11 > 1073-1080

Purpose Observational studies suggest that dietary and serum calcium are risk factors for prostate cancer. However, such studies suffer from residual confounding (due to unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders), undermining causal inference. Mendelian randomization uses randomly assigned (hence unconfounded and pre-disease onset) germline genetic variation to proxy for phenotypes and strengthen...

article

Systematic review evaluating randomized controlled trials of smoking and alcohol cessation interventions in people with head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia

Ellie Shingler, Luke A. Robles, Rachel Perry, Chris Penfold, more

Head & Neck > 40 > 8 > 1845 - 1853

Background Smoking and alcohol increase the risk of head and neck cancer and affect treatment outcomes. Interventions modifying these behaviors may improve posttreatment outcomes and survival. We systematically reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of smoking/alcohol interventions in head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia. Methods The AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases...

article

Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking at diagnosis of head and neck cancer and all‐cause mortality: Results from head and neck 5000, a prospective observational cohort of people with head and neck cancer

Rhona A. Beynon, Samantha Lang, Sarah Schimansky, Christopher M. Penfold, more

International Journal of Cancer > 143 > 5 > 1114 - 1127

Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are well‐established risk factors for head and neck cancer. The prognostic role of smoking and alcohol intake at diagnosis have been less well studied. We analysed 1,393 people prospectively enrolled into the Head and Neck 5000 study (oral cavity cancer, n=403; oropharyngeal cancer, n=660; laryngeal cancer, n=330) and followed up for a median of 3.5 years. The...

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INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: Richard M. Martin

Establishing causal relationships between sleep and adiposity traits using Mendelian randomization

Association of germline TYK2 variation with lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma risk

Functional and quality of life outcomes of localised prostate cancer treatments (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment [ProtecT] study)

Circulating free testosterone and risk of aggressive prostate cancer: Prospective and Mendelian randomisation analyses in international consortia

Contribution of the Cluster randomised triAl of PSA testing for Prostate cancer (CAP) to the ongoing debate on the value of prostate cancer screening

Delivery by caesarean section and offspring adiposity and cardio‐metabolic health at ages 6.5, 11.5 and 16 years: results from the PROBIT cohort in Belarus

Risk of neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular adverse events following treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink: a case–cross‐over study

Circulating insulin‐like growth factor‐I, total and free testosterone concentrations and prostate cancer risk in 200 000 men in UK Biobank

Genetically predicted circulating concentrations of micronutrients and risk of breast cancer: A Mendelian randomization study

Mendelian randomisation analysis of circulating adipokines and C‐reactive protein on breast cancer risk

The ProtecT trial: analysis of the patient cohort, baseline risk stratification and disease progression

The associations of anthropometric, behavioural and sociodemographic factors with circulating concentrations of IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGFBP‐1, IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3 in a pooled analysis of 16,024 men from 22 studies

Association of BMI with Linear Growth and Pubertal Development

Associations of atopic dermatitis and asthma with child behaviour: Results from the PROBIT cohort

Assessment of eating attitudes and dieting behaviors in healthy children: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Children's Eating Attitudes Test

Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial

Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Mendelian randomization does not support serum calcium in prostate cancer risk

Systematic review evaluating randomized controlled trials of smoking and alcohol cessation interventions in people with head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia

Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking at diagnosis of head and neck cancer and all‐cause mortality: Results from head and neck 5000, a prospective observational cohort of people with head and neck cancer

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