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Ants in conventional ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms use pheromone to communicate. Usually, this indirect communication leads the algorithm to a stagnation behaviour, where the ants follow the same path from early stages. This occurs because high levels of pheromone are developed, which force the ants to follow the same corresponding trails. As a result, the population gets trapped into a...
This paper proposes a two-phase hybrid approach for the travelling salesman problem (TSP). The first phase is based on a sequence based genetic algorithm (SBGA) with an embedded local search scheme. Within the SBGA, a memory is introduced to store good sequences (sub-tours) extracted from previous good solutions and the stored sequences are used to guide the generation of offspring via local search...
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