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The influence of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) on the potassium (K) retention ability in the ash phase and the ash melting characteristics during biomass combustion was investigated. Experiments were performed in a tube furnace experimental system and an ash melting point detector. The results show that the addition of NH4H2PO4 will increase the potassium retention ability in the ash phase...
There are concerns about the boiler efficiency and the secondary pollutants emissions during MSS (municipal sewage sludge) combustion. In the present work, the pellets made from the mixture of MSS and wood sawdust were combusted in a regular boiler. The boiler efficiencies of 10% and 30% (MSS content %) MSS pellet fuels were 76.6% and 75.9%, respectively. The emission, mass balance and distribution...
White mud is modified by acetic acid and then activated at 700 °C to catalyze transesterification. After modification and activation, the prepared catalyst (labeled as MWM–700) mainly consists of calcium oxide with a surface area of 7.97 m2 g−1 and basic strength of 9.8 < H_ < 15.0. Under the optimized condition of the catalyst added amount of 6 wt%, molar ratio of methanol to oil of 15, reaction...
Liquefaction bio-oil from sewage sludge using different organic solvent (methanol, ethanol or acetone) at temperature of 260–380 °C was characterized in terms of its elemental and chemical composition, and was further upgraded by microemulsion technology. The bio-oil obtained had high carbon content of 67.60–73.58% and was mainly composed of esters when methanol or ethanol was used as liquefaction...
Thermoacoustic technology is becoming increasingly attractive because of its high reliability and environmental friendliness. The double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine using liquid pistons, proposed by our group, can improve the thermoacoustic conversion efficiency further and yield a more compact engine. In this study, three different environmentally friendly working gases, helium,...
Demand response algorithms can cut peak energy use, driving energy conservation and enabling renewable energy sources, as well as reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The use of these technologies is becoming increasingly popular, especially in smart-grid scenarios. We describe a home-to-grid demand response algorithm, which introduces a UEP (“user-expected price”) as an indicator of differential pricing...
Lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae and sewage sludge have distinct compositions and structures to each other. To understand the effect of feedstock differences on biomass liquefaction process, the liquefaction characteristics of rice straw (lignocellulosic biomass), Spirulina (microalgae) and sewage sludge were comparatively studied. Liquefaction experiments were performed in a 500 mL autoclave at...
The effect of different organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol and 1,4-dioxane, on thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of Spirulina (a kind of high-protein microalgae) was systematically studied. The liquefaction experiments were conducted in a 1000 mL autoclave at different temperatures from 573 to 653 K with a fixed solid/liquid ratio. Liquefaction of Spirulina processed in methanol...
Stearic acid/expanded graphite composites with different mass ratios were prepared by absorbing liquid stearic acid into the expanded graphite. In the composite materials, the stearic acid was used as the phase change material for thermal energy storage, and the expanded graphite acted as the supporting material. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy...
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