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Detailed characterization of organic components in low-rank coals is essential for the utilization of coals in clean, effective and value-added ways. Two kinds of low-rank coals were subjected to sequential thermal dissolution in the order of cyclohexane, acetone, and methanol to obtain six soluble portions (SPs) from the coals. Two gas chromatographic systems, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry...
Lignite, a suitable feedstock for direct coal liquefaction (DCL), is usually rich in sodium and calcium species. To better understand chemical transformation of inherent sodium and calcium species during DCL, two lignites rich in sodium and calcium species were liquefied in this work. The results show that both Australia lignite (AU) and Hami lignite (HM) are preferred raw materials for DCL. After...
To investigate the molecular composition of soluble organic species in Baiyinhua lignite (BL) and their evolution profiles during pyrolysis, BL was firstly pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor, affording gaseous products, tars and chars, then BL and its chars were thermally dissolved in supercritical methanol affording soluble portions (SPs). The composition and structural characteristics of the SPs and...
Lignite is rich in oxygen-containing species (OCSs) and able to load Ni via ion exchange to prepare Ni/C catalyst. However, the OCSs usually exists in the form of organic salts, which can reduce the capacity of Ni ion exchange. In this paper, Shengli lignite (SL) was treated with HCl and HCl/HF to selectively remove the organic salts and insoluble minerals, respectively, and the modified lignite was...
Shengli lignite (SL) was oxidized and depolymerized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite under mild conditions followed by sequential extraction with ethoxyethane and ethyl acetate. The extracts were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI), and direct analysis in...
Thermochemical conversion of crops straw is receiving renewed attention, due to the energy and material recovery that can be achieved. However, it still lacks the kinetic background which is of great importance for a successful design of thermochemical process. In this work, pyrolysis test for soybean straw was performed in a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to determine the...
A Xinjiang subbituminous coal was directly oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sequentially extracted with diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts were esterified with diazomethane and the esterified products were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS) equipped with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) or electrospray ionization (ESI)...
Catalytic gasification of a pig compost (PC) was investigated over transition metal catalysts (TMCs, including limonite, CoMo/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3, and nickel loaded on lignite char) and Ca-based catalysts (dolomite and CaO) in a two-stage fixed-bed reactor to understand the effects of catalyst, temperature, and steam on nitrogen distributions. Non-catalytic thermal decomposition (TD) of PC volatiles below...
Wheat straw (WS) was oxidized in a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) aqueous solution at 40°C followed by sequential extraction of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide (CDS), diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (EA). The EA-inextractable solution was acidized and filtrated. The filtration was also sequentially extracted with the same series of solvents. In total, 38 organonitrogen...
Fast pyrolysis of a sewage sludge sample, which contains a high content of nitrogen, was investigated to understand the effects of pyrolysis temperature and sweeping gas flow rate on the yields of pyrolysis products and the distributions of carbon and nitrogen. The maximum oil yield of ca. 48.7% (daf) was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C and a sweeping gas flow rate of 600cm 3 ...
Vitrinite- and inertinite-rich samples separated from Shenfu-Dongsheng (SD) and Pingshuo (PS) coals were extracted with CS 2 and the extraction solutions were analyzed with GC/MS. The results show that extract yields of the two maceral-rich samples (MRSs) from PS coal are much higher than those from SD coal; for MRSs from the same coal, the yield of vitrinite-rich sample is larger than that...
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