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The induction of unreduced gametes via chromosome doubling is an effective way to produce triploids. During this process, the transmitted parental heterozygosity varies by different origins of unreduced gametes. In this study, a total of 110 allotriploid individuals from two cross combinations who shared only one male parent were obtained by chromosome doubling of megaspore via high temperature treatment...
Artificially inducing 2n gametes through chromosome doubling is an effective way to obtain polyploids. In this study, Eucalyptus urophylla microsporogenesis and flower development were investigated to guide 2n pollen induction. We also investigated suitable conditions for colchicine treatment. Our results showed that E. urophylla 2n pollen was spherical and had a large volume (mean diameter 28.57 ± 0...
The wild species, Secale africanum Stapf., serves as a valuable germplasm resource for increasing the diversity of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) and providing novel genes for wheat improvement. The objective of this study was to identify new wheat-S. africanum chromosome 2Rafr derivatives by molecular markers and in situ hybridization, and to test the effects of centric translocations of S. africanum...
A new wheat-Thinopyrum substitution line AS1677, developed from a cross between wheat line ML-13 and wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. trichophorum partial amphiploid TE-3, was characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), sequential Giemsa-C banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), seed storage protein electrophoresis, molecular marker analysis and disease resistance screening...
The 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation from Petkus rye has contributed substantially to the world wheat production. However, following the breakdown of disease resistance genes in 1RS, its importance for wheat improvement decreased. We have developed a new 1BL.1RS line, R14, by means of crossing rye inbred line L155, selected from Petkus rye to several wheat cultivars. One new gene each, for stripe rust...
Inheritance patterns for table grape anthocyanins were investigated on three cross offspring populations during two successive years. Sixteen anthocyanins were detected, and all were monoglucoside derivatives. The proportion of anthocyanins in the maternal parent determined the proportion of anthocyanins in the offspring. But the absolute content of the maternal parent had no significant effect on...
To better understand molecular evolution of the large α-gliadin gene family and provide a potential value for wheat quality improvement, total 32 α-gliadin gene sequences were isolated from the two Dasypyrum species, D. villosum. (L.) Candargy and D. breviaristatum (Lindb. F.) Frederisksen. Twelve of 32 sequences contained the in-frame stop condons were predicted to be pseudogenes, suggesting the...
Two amphiploids, AF-1(Triticum aestivum L. cv. Anyuepaideng–Secale africanum Stapf.) and BF-1 (T. turgidum ssp. carthlicum–S. africanum), were evaluated by chromosomal banding and in situ hybridization. The individual S. africanum chromosomes were identified in the BF-1 background by sequential C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and were distinguishable from those of S. cereale, because...
A genome specific DNA sequence that detects Secale africanum chromatin incorporated into wheat was developed in this study. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to search for genome specific DNA sequences of S. africanum in lines, R111, “mianyang11” (MY11) and wheat-rye 1RS/1BL translocations R25 and R57. A high copy rye-specific DNA segment pSaD15940 of the S. africanum genome...
Tea is an important revenue source for the tea producing countries in the world, including China. China is the place of origin of tea plants, it has the broadest genetic variations in the world. It also has bred more than 200 improved cultivars. The improved cultivars have made important contribution in the tea industry. In this paper the achievements of tea genetic improvement and breeding, the current...
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