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Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of the H-score of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in the histopathological diagnosis of adrenocortical tumors (ACT). Methods We retrospectively evaluated 199 cases of ACT, of which 85 were diagnosed as aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 66 as cortisol-producing adenoma (CPA), 9 as aldosterone–cortisol co-secreting adenoma,...
Purpose Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone density and bone strength, commonly observed among older individuals. Caveolin-3 (CAV3) is a principal structural protein of the caveolae membrane domains, which has been reported to participate in cell signaling as well as the maintenance of cell structure. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects involved with...
Thickened pituitary stalks (TPSs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) result from diverse pathologies; therefore, it is essential to make specific diagnoses for clinical decision-making. The diagnoses and indications for surgical biopsies in patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and TPSs are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Thirty-seven patients with CDI and TPSs were retrospectively reviewed...
Promoting beta-cell survival is crucial for the prevention of beta-cell failure in diabetes. Thiazolidinediones, a widely used drug to improve insulin sensitivity in clinical practice, is found to have a protective effect on islet beta-cell. To date, the mechanism underlying the protective role of thiazolidinedione on beta-cell survival remain largely unknown. Activation of autophagy was detected...
Adipokines produced from adipose tissues participate in regulation of reproduction, energy homeostasis, food intake, and neuroendocrine function in the hypothalamus. We have previously reported that adiponectin significantly reduced GnRH secretion from GT1-7 hypothalamic GnRH neuron cells. In this study, we further investigated the inhibition of GnRH secretion by adiponectin in vivo and found that...
Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is characterized by the defects in cortisol and aldosterone secretion, and accompanied with adrenal hyperandrogenism. It is likely that the impaired adrenocortical function and intermittent treatment-related hypercortisolism may predispose patients to the development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Our aim was to assess the impact of hyperandrogenism...
Rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) usually experience hyperleptinemia. Thus, leptin produced by adipocytes does not deplete adipocyte fat, which implying a leptin resistance in adipocytes during overnutrition. Here, we induced hyperleptinemia in rats by feeding them a diet consisting of 45% fat. In epididymal adipose tissues, the mRNA and protein levels of a putative leptin resistant factor, suppressor...
Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is an inheritable disorder of fructose metabolism, inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder and caused by catalytic deficiency of aldolase B, which is critical for gluconeogenesis and fructose metabolism. The affected individuals develop severe hypoglycemia after taking foods containing fructose and cognate sugars. The exons 2–9 of the aldolase B (gene symbol...
In order to characterize the potential causative effects of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on insulin resistance, we measured glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with mouse recombinant IL-18. IL-18 surprisingly enhanced, rather than reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes. Moreover IL-18 could counteract the glucose uptake suppression caused by tumor necrosis factor α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide (GLP-1) is an insulin secretagogue. Recently, many studies have shown GLP-1 can improve insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. In the present study, we investigated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in either basal or insulin resistant state and dissected insulin signaling pathway in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of GLP-1 mediated improvement...
Adiponectin plays an important role in improving insulin resistance and preventing atherosclerosis. However it has been rarely reported that adiponectin influences insulin secretion because its receptor was identified in human islet β cells. In order to investigate the direct effect of adiponectin on pancreatic islet β cells, we performed an insulin secretion test in purified rat islets, which were...
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