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In conventional sequential deposition, PbI2-free CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films can be achieved when the PbI2 substrate reacts with a relatively low-concentration CH3NH3I solution (<8 mg of CH3NH3I per 1 mL of IPA) but the film that is formed has only sparse and uneven coverage. On the other hand, a dense CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film can be formed on a mesoporous TiO2 substrate when the PbI2 substrate...
High efficiency solar cells require good back surface field passivation and high back reflectance in the rear Al region. In module processes, wafer-based solar cell can break through stress during soldering uneven rear aluminum surfaces - a serious problem that affects throughput. This work examined rear surfaces with respect to controllable process factors such as ramping and cooling rates during...
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