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This study presents the modeling of ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms of September 9–14, 2005. We examine the performance of the Global Self-Consistent Model of Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) and International Reference Ionosphere-2000 (IRI-2000), and compare the modeling predictions with the ionosonde and incoherent scatter radar observations over Yakutsk, Irkutsk,...
In the past numerical experiments had shown that local disturbances of zonal electric fields allow reproducing the morphology of ionospheric disturbances during seismic active periods. In these numerical experiments the physical processes leading to the formation of such electric fields were not discussed. This paper offers two potential formation mechanisms of ionospheric precursors based on (1)...
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