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Malathion is a widely used chiral phosphorus insecticide, which has a more toxic chiral metabolite malaoxon. In this work, the enantiomers of malathion and malaoxon were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass/mass (HPLC‐MS/MS) with chiral columns using acetonitrile/water or methanol/water as mobile phase, and the chromatographic conditions were optimized. Based on the chiral separation,...
Chiral fungicide prothioconazole has a wide range of antifungal spectrum; however, little research has been conducted to evaluate prothioconazole on an enantiomeric level. Five target pathogens and three common aquatic organisms were tested for the enantioselective bioactivity and toxicity of prothioconazole in this work. The antifungal activity of the enantiomers against wheat phytoalexin, rice blast...
Novel phenanthroline Schiff base fluorescent sensors L1, L2, and D1 were designed and synthesized. The sensing abilities of the compounds in the presence of metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Al3+, and Eu3+) were studied by UV‐vis and fluorescent spectroscopy. The compounds L1, L2, and D1 could act as Eu3+ ion turn‐off...
Under normal conditions, the environmental behaviors of pesticides are affected by complex environmental factors and the manner of administration together with constraints. In order to meet the actual needs, we imitated the experiment and found that the degradation rate of pyriproxyfen in soils rendered complex changes. Rac‐pyriproxyfen was successfully chiral separated on an AZ‐H column and the residue...
The enantiomeric separation of the enantiomers of three phenylpyrazole pesticides (fipronil, flufiprole, ethiprole) and two fipronil metabolites (amide‐fipronil and acid‐fipronil) were investigated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a CHIRALPAK® IB chiral column. The mobile phase was n‐hexane or petroleum ether with 2‐propanol or ethanol as modifier at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min...
Metalaxyl is an important chiral acetanilide fungicide, and the activity almost entirely originates from the R‐enantiomer. Racemic metalaxyl has been gradually replaced by the enantiopure R‐enantiomer (metalaxyl‐M). In this study a chiral residue analysis method for metalaxyl and the metabolite metalaxyl acid was set up based on high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC‐MS/MS)...
Pyriproxyfen is a chiral insecticide, and over 10 metabolites have been identified in the environment. In this work the separations of the enantiomers of pyriproxyfen and its six chiral metabolites were studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both normal phase and reverse phase were applied using the chiral columns Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel...
The enantioselective bioactivity against pathogens (Cercospora arachidicola, Fulvia fulva, and Phytophthora infestans) and acute toxicity to Daphnia magna of the fungicide myclobutanil enantiomers were studied. The (+)‐enantiomer in an antimicrobial activity test was about 1.79–1.96 times more active than the (–)‐enantiomer. In the toxicity assay, the calculated 24‐h LC50 values of the (–)‐form, rac‐form...
Vinclozolin is a chiral fungicide with potential environmental problems. The chiral separation of the enantiomers and enantioselective degradation in soil were investigated in this work. The enantiomers were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on Chiralpak IA, IB, and AZ‐H chiral columns under normal phase and the influence of the mobile phase composition on the separation was...
The chiral pesticide enantiomers often have different toxic effects and environmental behaviors, which suggests that the risk assessments should be on an enantiomeric level. In this work, the chiral separation of the napropamide enantiomers and the stereoselective degradation in tomato, cucumber, rape, cabbage, and soil were investigated. Napropamide enantiomers could be separated absolutely by high‐performance...
In the present study we investigated the enantioselective disappearance of hexaconazole in rat liver microsomes system prepared from both genders. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification. The degradation of the (+)‐hexaconazole was faster than that of the (−)‐hexaconazole in racemic hexaconazole and single enantiomer incubation in both sexes. The...
A rapid, simple, reliable, and environment‐friendly method for the residue analysis of the enantiomers of four chiral fungicides including hexaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, and penconazole in water samples was developed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) pretreatment followed by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐DAD detection. The enantiomers were separated...
The enantioselective bioaccumulation and elimination behaviors of α‐hexachlorocyclohexane (α‐HCH) enantiomers in earthworm and soil were investigated by chiral gas chromatography. Enantiomer fraction values were calculated as indicators of the enantioselectivity. The mature earthworms were exposed to 0.10 µg g−1wwt (0.14 µg g−1dwt) spiked soil continuously for the bioaccumulation, and the elimination...
The stereoselective metabolism of the enantiomers of fenoxaprop‐ethyl (FE) and its primary chiral metabolite fenoxaprop (FA) in rabbits in vivo and in vitro was studied based on a validated chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The information of in vivo metabolism was obtained by intravenous administration of racemic FE, racemic FA, and optically pure (−)‐(S)‐FE and (+)‐(R)‐FE separately...
Stereoselective degradation of Diclofop‐methyl (DM) has been found in alcohol fermentation of grape must and sucrose solution with dry yeast. A method was developed for separation and determination the two enantiomers of DM during the fermentation process by high‐performance liquid chromatography based on cellulose tri‐(3,5‐dimethylphenyl‐carbamate) chiral stationary phase. The results showed that...
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