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This paper presents a biased flux hybrid-excited flux switching (BFHEFS) machine to improve the flux adjustability. The proposed configuration adopts E-core to enhance the permanent magnet (PM) material utilization ratio, which use half PMs of the conventional flux switching PM (FSPM) machine. The flux-adjusted principle of the E-core BFHEFS machine is introduced to explain the better flux adjustability...
This paper presents thermal analysis of a water-cooled dual-stator axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with focus on the sandwiched rotor. The rotor of the machine is featured by combined rectangle-shaped magnets. Firstly, the eddy current losses in the PM are calculated and analyzed. Secondly, lumped-parameter and FE thermal models are established to calculate the temperature distribution...
Multiphase machines are superior to three-phase machines with high reliability and large power capability. In the post-fault operation when one phase of an induction machine is open circuit, model predictive control has been proved to have rapid current, torque and speed response. However, the mathematical model in post-fault operations of multiphase permanent magnet (PM) machines is quite different...
Fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) have been attracting considerable attention due to their high power density, high efficiency, short end-winding, high slot fill factor, low cogging torque, excellent flux-weakening and fault tolerance capability. However, compared to integer-slot distributed-winding (ISDW) IPMSMs, the key challenge of...
This paper proposes a novel hybrid excitation vernier permanent magnet machine (HE-VPM). The characteristics of the proposed machine are: 1) The PMs are embedded in the stator teeth, which is helpful for heat dissipation; 2) the rotor is salient structure without PMs and windings, which ensures the reliability of high speed running; 3) The non-overlapping concentrated winding shortens the end-winding,...
Flux modulated machines (FMMs) are well known for their features of high torque density. In this paper, the DC currents are innovatively injected into the armature coils which are arranged in a specific way in FMMs, and the electromagnetic performance are analyzed by the finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the electromagnetic torque contains not only the pre-existing PM torque, but...
Flux reversal machines (FRMs) have permanent magnets (PMs) mounted on the surface of the stator teeth. However, due to the small stator slot opening, the stator tooth width is large and the magnet usage is high which increases the machine cost. This paper proposes a class of novel FRMs whose stator slot opening is big and PM consumption is significantly lower than that of conventional FRMs. First,...
This paper compares the electromagnetic performance of stator DC current excited vernier reluctance machines (DC-VRMs) with different Field winding configurations. Using the theoretical analysis and finite element analysis (FEA), the back-EMF, and torque capability, etc. are compared. The results show that the field winding arrangement has a great and various effect on the machine torque capability,...
A hybrid excitation flux reversal machine (HEFRM) is developed for application in electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. The proposed machine is a parallel hybrid excitation machine, which can not only exhibits superior overload and flux weakening capabilities, but also reduces the risk of PM demagnetization. The feasible slot-pole combinations of the HEFRM are introduced and optimized, and the influences...
This paper proposes a novel vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machine for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The main features of the proposed machine are concentrated armature windings with short and non- overlapping end-winding, and the permanent magnets (PMs) are on both sides of rotor and stator. Unlike conventional motors, this machine operates with flux modulation principles, and the electromagnetic...
The several new winding configurations, such as fractional slot concentrated winding and concentrated winding with two slot pitches, have been attracted lots of attentions due to their inherent advantages such as short ending winding, easy manufacture and so on. However, these winding configurations are always suffer from much richer magneto motive force(MMF) harmonic contents and their MMF waveforms...
This paper investigated the post-fault operation of a novel six-phase double-stator axial flux permanent magnet machine with detached winding configuration, which was found to be superior to existing winding configuration in previous study. However, the unbalanced magnetic force problem still remains unsolved. In this paper, the axial force balancing control principle is proposed and a group of specific...
In recent years, permanent magnet (PM) vernier machines have gained more and more attentions due to their high torque density and simple mechanical structure. However, vernier PM machines with lap windings always suffer from long end winding length, and regular non-overlapping winding may result in torque reduction for PM vernier (PMV) machines. In this paper, an advanced PM vernier (APMV) machine...
Stator DC winding Excited Vernier Reluctance Machines (DC-VRMs) are a kind of novel machines, which are investigated more and more owing to absence of expensive permanent magnet material. However, DC-VRMs are found to have large torque ripple if they are not carefully designed. There are a lot of existing methods to reduce the cogging torque in permanent magnet (PM) machines, but the design techniques...
In this paper, a novel class of hybrid excitation, stator vernier permanent magnet (VPM) machines (HE-VPM) are proposed. The proposed machines are with salient rotor structure, stator located PMs, and concentrated armature windings. Therefore, the superiority of the proposed machine is robust rotor structure, short and non-overlapping end-winding, and easy heat dissipation. Besides, a novel DC-biased...
DC-biased sinusoidal current vernier reluctance machines (DC-biased-VRMs) are with a doubly salient structure, and their phase currents contain an alternating current (AC) component and a direct current (DC) component. Hence, their main features are one set of concentrated windings compared with variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs), low vibration and noise due to smooth current, compared with...
In this paper, a novel flux reversal machine (FRM) is proposed to achieve a larger torque density and a smoother torque waveform than the conventional FRM. The proposed FRM have the same combinations of stator and rotor slots, winding pole pair and PM usage, but different PM arrangement with the conventional FRM, i.e. in the conventional FRM, a pair of PMs is mounted on the surface of each stator...
An advanced control strategy of a variable flux vernier reluctance machine is proposed to improve efficiency and load capacity in this paper. Distinguished with traditional vernier machines, this machine has a novel doubly salient structure with DC field-exciting windings in stator slots. Losses of this machine are produced in both three-phase armature windings and DC windings, which occasionally...
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is implemented to investigate the flow and heat transfer within the radial forced air-cooled fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) permanent magnet generator for decreasing ventilation loss and temperature rise. Firstly, a CFD model is established and the losses and boundary conditions are determined. Secondly, the fluid and temperature field of machines...
This paper analyzes the conventional windings, detached windings and alternative windings for vernier reluctance dual-stator axial flux machines. The connection of winding configurations is firstly given, followed by a comprehensive comparison in aspects of no load flux linkage, cogging torque, rotor unbalanced axial force, torque, torque ripple and iron loss.
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