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To guarantee the thermal safety and obtain good performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the operating temperature and temperature gradient of SOFC must be constrained within a proper range. Thus, it's important to obtain the spatial temperature distribution of SOFC in real time. However, the inner temperature of the fuel cell cannot be obtained by installing thermocouples with acceptable cost...
This paper proposes a control schema for permanent magnet machines, which is synthesized by field-oriented control, synchronous pulse width modulation and phase-lock loop based sampling synchronization. Switching frequency of inverters in electric locomotive applications is limited by considering switching losses. Lower switching frequency deteriorates performance of machines, e.g., extra machine...
Flatness approach is a straightforward method to solve the control problems of flat systems which are a class of systems whose states and control inputs can be expressed by the so-called flat outputs. Some results about flatness of systems and the advantages of studying flatness approach are presented in this paper. By using flatness approach, the controllability and other control problems for some...
This paper investigates the adaptive stabilization for a class of coupled parabolic PDEs. The problem remains unsolved since the presence of unknown parameters make the existing methods for coupled parabolic PDEs ineffective. By skillfully combining Lyapunov method and infinite-dimensional backstepping method, an adaptive state-feedback controller is designed to ensure that all the closed-loop system...
Discrete time-varying problems are frequently encountered in mathematics and engineering fields, such as numerical analysis, signal processing and computer computing. However, conventional algorithms mainly solve time-invariant problems. Employed for discrete time-varying problems solving, conventional algorithms may generate quite large and unacceptable lagging errors. In this paper, discrete time-varying...
Web tension is the basis of the printing quality in shaft-less drive gravure printing systems. In gravure printing section, the drying devices are installed behind each printing roller for drying the printing ink on the web. As the web material is bi-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) which is sensitive to temperature, the drying system has greatly influence on the web tension in the printing section....
This paper focuses on solving the ship course tracking problem by using Zhang dynamics (ZD) method and a new Zhang finite difference (ZFD) formula. Via ZD method, which is a powerful class of dynamics to solve online time-varying problems, the so called ZD controller of ship course tracking is designed. Then, a 1-node-ahead differentiation formula within ZFD framework termed as 4-node g-square finite...
In this paper, a new type of Euler-precision 3-node g-proportional (3NgP) formula is proposed and investigated in the general framework of Zhang discretization (ZD), which is named formula ZD3NgP_Z with subtype Z corresponding to the second (as well as student) coauthor. By Taylor expansion, we prove that formula ZD3NgP_Z approximating the fst-order derivative can achieve an error pattern of O(g)...
In this paper, the research on the stabilization of time-varying linear (TVL) system is conducted with pseudo division-by-zero (PDBZ) phenomenon shown. We not only adopt zeroing dynamics (also called Zhang dynamics, ZD) method to design ZD stabilization controller, but also adopt zeroing-gradient (also called Zhang-gradient, ZG) method to design ZG stabilization controller. Through numerical experiments,...
This paper presents a set of compact microstrip filters and diplexers based on the subwavelength metamaterial unit. Such metamaterial unit is developed from the classic split ring resonator by extending and bending the wire and shorting one of the end to ground. Firstly, the microstrip filter consisting of two metamaterial units and the diplexer based on the obtained filter are demonstrated experimentally...
The transmission characteristics of a two-dimensional coaxial Bragg structure have been investigated in this paper. The dielectric layer between the outer and the inner conductors of the coaxial waveguide in the structure is helically corrugated and the grooves are loaded with a metallic strip. It is found that, a dominant transmission bandgap can be obtained from the mode conversion induced by the...
A novel W-band four-way substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) power combiner/divider is analyzed and demonstrated. By combining a compact wideband antipodal fin-line transition configuration and the four-way longitudinal-slot SIW coupling structure, a novel back-to-back power dividing/ combining system is achieved, which can operate in the frequency band of 90.5–94.5 GHz with return loss of better...
A compact wideband transition realized by inserting triangular antipodal fin-line probe into metallic rectangular waveguide from substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented. One back-to-back transition covering a bandwidth of 20 GHz in W band is designed, fabricated and tested to show the advantages of such antipodal fin line-probe inspired transition structure, and the measured results consist...
Software-defined Networking (SDN) is a network paradigm to resolve the challenges of traditional networks. SDN can utilize its concept of control and data plane separation to improve Quality of Service (QoS) of certain network traffic efficiently. Because traffic engineering in SDN is a promising way to satisfy the requirement well, we propose an application-aware traffic engineering system that cooperates...
This work introduces a super-hydrophobic hybrid thin film which shows the capability of thermal management. The hybrid thin film was obtained by sputtering a fluorocarbon layer on a glass substrate that has been pre-deposited by a layer of soot. Multiple characterization methods, e.g. Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), Static Contact Angle Measurement and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy...
To keep the economic and reliability of microgrid is a hot issue. There is the problem of the uncertainty of renewable energy generation as wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV), so batteries as energy storage devices play an important role in ensuring the safety and reliability of microgrid, especially the islanded mode microgrid. In order to optimize the scheduling of microgrid, a model consisting...
This paper presents a biased flux hybrid-excited flux switching (BFHEFS) machine to improve the flux adjustability. The proposed configuration adopts E-core to enhance the permanent magnet (PM) material utilization ratio, which use half PMs of the conventional flux switching PM (FSPM) machine. The flux-adjusted principle of the E-core BFHEFS machine is introduced to explain the better flux adjustability...
This paper presents thermal analysis of a water-cooled dual-stator axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with focus on the sandwiched rotor. The rotor of the machine is featured by combined rectangle-shaped magnets. Firstly, the eddy current losses in the PM are calculated and analyzed. Secondly, lumped-parameter and FE thermal models are established to calculate the temperature distribution...
The flux weakening control is significant for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor to obtain a wide constant power range which is required in the electric vehicle application. A representative flux weakening method is to design an outer voltage loop using the voltage reference and the voltage limit. If the characteristic current of the motor is less than the current limit, the deep flux...
Currently, fusion algorithms for visual and inertia data have become a research hotspot in the field of computer vision and robotics. Compared to loosely coupled method, the tightly coupled one can obtain higher accuracy and robustness. In this paper, a tightly coupled visual-inertial system is implemented based on Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF) [1] considering both accuracy and efficiency...
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