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Co-pyrolysis of a coal and low-grade organic matter has been reported to produce tars of higher yield and better quality, but few study explored the detailed reaction of volatiles. This work studies co-pyrolysis of pairs of solid organic compounds and a low rank bituminous coal in a thermal gravimetric analysis coupled online with a mass spectrometer (TG-MS) using specially designed TG crucibles,...
A low rank bituminous coal and four solid organic compounds were co-pyrolyzed in pairs in a thermal gravimetric analysis coupled online with a mass spectrometer (TG-MS) using specially designed TG crucibles which separate the solid matter from each other while allow their volatiles to mix in the free gas space of different volume (or height) above the sample bed. The TG and DTG curves of co-pyrolysis...
Dimethyl ether has high cetane number and low temperature reaction characteristics. These mean that blending small amount of dimethyl ether to the spark-ignited engine would be helpful for improving the performance under lean conditions. Spark timing is one of the important factors influencing the engine combustion. Thus, it is necessary to investigate performance of the dimethyl ether-blended gasoline...
This work studies thermal reaction of a heavy oil at temperatures of 250–500°C in sealed capillaries. The samples are extracted by chlorobenzene and toluene, and the insoluble matters are quantified in mass and in radical concentration. It is found that the chlorobenzene insolubles (CI) forms at temperatures of and higher than 440°C while the toluene insolubles (TI) forms at temperatures higher than...
More than 100 graphical coal structural models have proposed in the literature but their suitability has not been studied. All the coal models are in essence conceptual images, which are not very useful in quantitative analyses. This article analyzes the validity of 25 models selected from 134 models reported in the literature using the carbon content (C%) and aromaticity (fa) data of coals reported...
The pyrolysis of 14 coals with carbon contents (C%) of 67.5–94.9% are studied in the presence of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) at 440°C. The amounts of stable radicals in the coals and that generated in the pyrolysis are quantified by electron spin resonance (ESR). The amounts of active radicals generated in the pyrolysis are quantified by the amounts of hydrogen donated by DHP. The changes in quantity...
Coal pyrolysis is regarded by many as a simple method to produce liquid fuels and chemicals and has been studied extensively in the past. However, fast coal pyrolysis technologies intended for higher tar yields and higher productivities, in comparison to the successful slow pyrolysis technologies, had common problems such as poor tar quality and plugging of the volatile products lines. The failing...
This paper describes knocking combustion in a diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. The knocking combustion was investigated by a harmonic analysis, and the complex logarithmic spectrum (CLS), calculated by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) based on the acquired in-cylinder pressure, was defined to evaluate the knocking intensity. The consistencies among maximum in-cylinder...
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