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The present study develops membrane hybrid system for drinking water that combines a trickling filter (TF) and a thin-layer biosand filter (TBSF) prior to membrane. Two different types of trickling filter (submerged and protruding) were placed before the biosand filter (BSF) with two different sand depths (40 and 3cm). The effectiveness of the TBSF was measured in terms of the reduction in levels...
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