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Dengue viruses (DENVs) are re-emerging pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Each year, they are estimated to infect 390 million people globally. The major challenge confronting dengue vaccine development is the need to induce balanced, long lasting tetravalent immune responses against four co-circulating virus serotypes (DENV-I, -II, -III, -IV), because primary...
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are the two major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which erupts in the Asia-Pacific regions. A bivalent vaccine against both EV71 and CVA16 is highly desirable. In the present study, on the bases that an experimental bivalent vaccine comprising of inactivated EV71 and CVA16 induces a balanced protective immunity against both...
The first prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis E virus (HEV), Hecolin®, was licensed in China. Recombinant p239 virus-like particle (VLP) is its active component with dimeric protein as the basic building block harboring the immuno dominant and neutralizing epitopes. The real time and real condition stability of the prefilled syringes for the vaccine was demonstrated using both in vivo mouse potency...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 is a human pathogen which causes genital warts. Recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) based antigens are the active components in prophylactic vaccines to elicit functional antibodies. The binding and functional characteristics of a panel of 15 murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HPV6 was quantitatively assessed. Elite conformational indicators, recognizing the...
Live rotavirus vaccines that are effective in middle- and high-income countries have been found to be less immunogenic and effective in infants in resource-limited settings. The virus-like particle (VLP) approach is promising for rotavirus vaccine development, but challenges remain for VLP production at large scale. In this study, rotavirus capsid VP2 and VP6 proteins were expressed in Escherichia...
Engagement of CD40 with CD40L induces dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation, thereby promoting immune responses. The objective of this study was to investigate whether immunization with chimeric CD40L/SHIV virus-like particles (CD40L/SHIV-VLP) could enhance immune responses to SIV Gag and HIV Env proteins by directly activating DCs. We found that CD83, CD40, and CD86 were significantly up-regulated...
This study describes the potential use of attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Strains (S. typhimurium) to express and deliver a L7/L12 and BLS fusion antigen of Brucella as a vaccination strategy to prevent Brucella infection in mice. S. typhimurium X4072 that contained a pTrc99A-BLS-L7/L12 plasmid, designated X4072bl, can deliver a L7/L12 and BLS fusion antigen expressed by the bacterium...
The candidate recombinant hepatitis E vaccine, HEV 239, protect monkeys against infection by hepatitis E virus (HEV). The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine for humans was assessed in a randomized controlled phase II clinical trial. The study was conducted in an endemic area of southern China and consisted of a dose scheduling, involving 457 adults and a dose escalation component involving 155...
We examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a combined DNA vaccine that included six genes encoding immunodominant antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Brucella abortus. The IL-12 adjuvant system was used for immunization in combination with the combined DNA vaccine (DNA-IL-12(+)). Mice immunized with DNA-IL-12(+) had significantly reduced CFU counts for M. tuberculosis and B...
We previously demonstrated that mucosal immunization with SHIV virus-like particles (VLPs) was able to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses against HIV envelope protein (Env). To understand the mechanism for such enhanced immune responses, we studied the interaction between VLPs and dendritic cells (DCs) in initiating immune responses. We found that about 50% of DCs were bound by octadecyle...
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and pseudorabies (PR) are two important infectious diseases in swine. An attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been successfully used as a gene delivery vector for the development of live-viral vaccines. In this study, a recombinant PRV-VP1 virus was constructed by fusioning the VP1 gene of FMD virus in frame to the N-terminal sequence of the gG gene of PRV. To test...
By using a baculovirus expression system, we have successfully produced simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-like particles (VLPs) with high levels of biologically active SIV envelope (Env) incorporated on their surfaces. To study whether SIV VLPs represent effective mucosal immunogens, we immunized groups of mice with VLPs alone or VLPs plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT) by the intranasal...
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