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The amount of synthetic surfactants required for a surfactant flood can be minimized by the addition of an alkali. An alkali reduces surfactant adsorption on sandstone and carbonate rocks, and generates in-situ surfactant with acidic crude oils. Many reservoirs, especially carbonates, contain gypsum (or anhydrite), which is sparingly soluble in water. In such cases, a conventional alkali such as sodium...
The goal of this work is to develop an alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) formulation for a viscous oil (105 cP at the reservoir temperature) and compare secondary and tertiary ASP floods. Phase behavior studies were performed to find an ultralow interfacial tension (IFT) ASP formulation for the viscous oil. Static surfactant adsorption experiments were performed to compare the effectiveness of different...
The presence of gypsum or anhydrite in oil reservoirs limits the application of alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding using conventional alkalis such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) because these alkalis precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the presence of gypsum leading to high alkalinity loss and permeability damage. Sodium metaborate (NaBO2) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) were investigated...
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