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Lithium inventory loss is the most important reason for capacity decay of commercial lithium ion batteries. To suppress lithium inventory loss and prolong the battery cycle-life, sodium maleate (SM) is coated onto the surface of graphite active materials and act as the starting material for in-situ growth of SEI film. Microscopic studies show that the SM salt is uniformly dispersed on the graphite...
Poly(methylmethacrylate)–poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF–PMMA) composite binder is adopted for preparation of graphite electrode laminate in lithium-ion batteries. Compared to that using the traditional PVDF binder, the electrode with composite binder exhibits significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability, specific capacity and cycling behavior. At a very high discharge...
The photoluminescence (PL) quenching of water-soluble graphene oxide (GO) solution was systematically investigated in the presence of transition metal ions. Their PL spectra were analyzed by the Stern–Volmer equation, and the trend of the quenching efficiency was Fe2+>Co2+>Ni2+>Cd2+>Hg2+. The results of the steady-state and time-resolved PL spectra of the GO solution suggested that the...
Morphology-controllable carbon nanocoils (CNCs) are synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition using Ni nanoparticle as catalyst prepared by spray-coating method. It is found that, with the increase of number of spray-coating times, the helicity of CNCs increases whereas the average line diameter and coil pitch decrease. Additionally, infrequent Y-junction CNCs and plait-like CNCs are found...
Carbon fiber/bismaleimide composites have received increasing interest, owing to their excellent properties, especially their toughness under extreme working conditions. We established a micromechanical model for a finite element simulation of the micro-droplet test, which involves pulling a carbon fiber out of a bead of matrix using two moving knives acting on the bead as scrapers to quantify the...
Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by acetyl chloride to form carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH). GO-COOH decorated with La particles with diameters between 0.2 and 1μm was prepared by the sonication of a LaCl 3 aqueous solution with GO-COOH. The La-decorated GO-COOH was characterized by FT-IR, TGA and TEM, and its antibacterial properties were characterized by bacteria growth kinetics...
Graphene oxide films were prepared by the modified Hummers method, which includes sonication, aggregation and self-assembly. The graphene films were obtained by vacuum heat treatment of the graphene oxide films. XRD, SEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the microstructure evolution of the films during preparation. It is found that self-assembly is a simple method to produce graphene...
The extent of oxidation of graphite oxide (GO) was tailored by adjusting the amount of oxidant during oxidation. The characteristics of GOs with different degrees of oxidation and their corresponding exfoliated GO nanosheets (GONS) were investigated. It was found that the less oxidized GONS possessed 3–4 layers with much fewer structural defects. Mechanical testing of the resultant poly(vinyl alcohol)-based...
A novel electrochemical grafting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surfaces of carbon fibers using water as dispersive medium was achieved by the electrolysis of carboxylic acid-functionalized CNTs. The resulting CNT-hybridized carbon fibers showed a selective distribution of CNTs at active carbon sites on the fibers associated with the edge graphite layers and defects, without destroying the crystalline...
Homogenous organic dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) sheets was prepared by a solvent-exchange method. This method enabled the simultaneous achievement of full exfoliation and high concentration of GO in several organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, which would facilitate the fabrication of individual graphene reinforced polymer composites through a solution-based process. To this end, poly...
Ni-matrix carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters have been fabricated by composite electroplating and micromachining (CEMM) at room temperature. Pretreated multi-walled CNT and Ni are deposited onto a Cr/Cu conducting layer by composite electroplating and protruding tips of CNTs are obtained as emitters by etching away a layer of Ni, followed by emitter pixels which are formed by micromachining. Through...
The synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) sheets with controlled size on a large scale was developed using chemical exfoliation by simply controlling the oxidation and exfoliation procedure. The GO samples prepared under different conditions, which all have excellent water dispersion, are characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force...
Composites based on graphene-based sheets have been fabricated by incorporating solution-processable functionalized graphene into an epoxy matrix, and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding studies were studied. The composites show a low percolation threshold of 0.52vol.%. EMI shielding effectiveness was tested over a frequency range of 8.2–12.4GHz (X-band), and 21dB shielding efficiency...
A graphene–C 60 hybrid material has been synthesized using a chemical coupling method between graphene oxide and pyrrolidine fullerene. The formation of this hybrid material was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy suggests a strong interaction between the C 60 cage...
A multi-step procedure has been developed to cut and purify single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from the pristine soot synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor decomposition, which contains significant amount of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) impurities. The procedure involves refluxing in dilute HNO 3 solution followed by (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 /H 2...
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