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Multiple scattering effects are commonly ignored in the detection and estimation of scatterers in signal processing research, because the energy of the first-order scattering is much larger than that of higher-order components. Although multiple scattering can significantly increase the estimation precision of point scatterers, it does not always lead to an improvement. Identifying conditions under...
The correlative interferometer is widely used for finding the direction of arrival with high accuracy, flexibility and broadband operation range. In this paper, the bias and mean squared error of these direction estimates with loss functions such as least squares, correlation coefficients and cosine function, are derived for the correlative interferometer, respectively. The explicit expressions of...
With the panel data of China's 31 provinces in 1997-2004, the paper uses dynamic panel GMM estimation to test the impacts of urbanization on economic growth taking the urbanization ratio and the urban primacy ratio as urbanization index. The result shows that the urbanization ratio has a negative but small impact on economic growth. Furthermore, it also reflects urbanization boosts economic growth...
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