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The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The goal of this paper is to analyze tax evasion with special emphasis on gender. Factors influencing tax noncompliance such as age, income, education, confidence in government, political scale and religiosity are analyzed. Methodology: Tax evasion is analyzed based on the most recent (Wave 7) World Value Survey data with the significance of differences between...
Although most countries have their own national accounting and auditing certifications, there are a number of internationally recognized accounting certifications. These certifications are especially valuable in transition and developing economies, where the quality of the national certification is low. The most popular international certification is offered by the Association of Chartered Certified...
Retail consumption taxes may be levied at the national, state or local level. In the USA, a retail sales tax is levied on the sale of products (but not services) in nearly all the states. So far, the national government has not seen fit to assess a similar tax at the national level, although there has been talk of instituting such a national tax as a supplement to or as a replacement for the income...
This chapter reports on the results of an empirical study that examined the opinions of a wide range of individuals in ten transition economies. Data was taken from a wider study that gathered information on human beliefs and values in 85 different countries. The present study had a sample size of 12,320. The question posed was whether the respondent would cheat on taxes if it were possible to do...
Politicians have always found it easier to spend money than to raise it. That accounts for the fact that the federal government of the United States has not been able to balance its budget more than a few times in the last two or three generations. But the problem of overspending is not confined to the federal level. Governments at all levels have problems restraining their spending habits and being...
Scholars have not written too much about the ethics of tax evasion specifically,1 although a few scholars have mentioned it in a book about something else, like business ethics. According to Islam, Muslims have a moral obligation to pay zakat for the support of the poor and for the legitimate functions of government. Thus, evading one’s duty to pay zakat is classified as an immoral act. The Islamic...
The fact that social security is a rip-off is becoming more generally known as the system approaches bankruptcy.1 Like any Ponzi scheme, those who got in early stood to gain. But the system has insurmountable problems. People are living longer due to advances in medicine,2 so they take money out of the system longer. The birth rate has declined, so there are not as many people paying into the system...
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) initiated a regional accounting certification program in the Russian language several years ago. It started in Central Asia and spread to Russia and a few other former Soviet republics several years later. Headquarters for the program later moved to Moscow. This chapter reports on the CAP/CIPA accounting certification program that has...
Much has been written about the economic and political problems of countries that are in the process of changing from centrally planned systems to market systems. Most studies have focused on the economic, legal, political and sociological problems these economies have had to face during the transition period. However, not much has been written about the dramatic changes that have to be made to the...
It is important to report financial information in a timely fashion. The longer a company waits to release its annual report and accompanying financial statements, the more stale the information is and the less useful it is. A number of studies have been done on various aspects of timeliness in financial reporting. Those studies are not summarized here, but a listing is provided in the reference...
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the 15 former Soviet republics all started converting their inherited Soviet bookkeeping system to a market-oriented accounting system. They encountered several problems along the way. No one knew what a market-oriented accounting system was all about. There were no books either in Russian or in any of the national languages on what might be termed western accounting,...
Timeliness in financial reporting has been considered as an important accounting principle for several decades. The Accounting Principles Board (APB 1970) issued a statement on this topic in 1970. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD 2004) lists it as a principle of good corporate governance. Some of the studies that have examined the timeliness of financial reporting are...
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