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In the UK, it is recommended that pregnant women receive the influenza and pertussis vaccination. However, uptake of these vaccinations in certain UK regions remains low. Previous studies show that pregnant women use the internet to access health information, yet it has not been previously explored whether the use of social networking sites (SNS) influences decisions about maternal vaccination uptake...
Inequalities in measles immunization coverage facilitate the onset of outbreaks. This study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequalities associated with measles immunization coverage at the population level.An ecological study was performed using two datasets: the results of a measles immunization survey performed in Ecuador, in 2011, and socioeconomic data from the 2010 census, aggregated by canton...
During the height of the 2009 H1N1 swine-derived influenza pandemic, a clinical trial was conducted in which seven subjects were immunized using a monovalent, MF59®-adjuvanted vaccine, developed from an egg-passaged candidate vaccine virus (CVV), A/California/07/2009 X-181. Whole blood was collected prior to immunization and at 8, 22, and 202 days post-vaccination, and subjects’ serological responses...
In the UK, the childhood immunisation programme is given in the first 5 years of life and protects against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases. Recently, this programme has undergone changes with addition of vaccination against Meningitis B from September 2015 and the removal of the primary dose of protection against Meningitis C from July 2016. These hanges have direct impact on the associated diseases...
Annual influenza vaccination is recommended to people with chronic conditions. This study aimed to estimate the proportion of chronically ill adults vaccinated against influenza in consecutive seasons and to identify associated factors.We used data from the first National Health Examination Survey (INSEF), a cross-sectional study conducted in 2015 on a probabilistic sample of individuals aged 25–74...
Despite safe and effective childhood immunizations, decreased acceptance of vaccines has become an emerging global problem. The WHO SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy developed a common diagnostic tool, the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS), to identify and compare hesitancy in different global settings. We field tested the VHS in rural and urban Guatemala.We analyzed data from the enrollment visit...
For nearly two decades, immunization against the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) has been investigated as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite some disappointing results in clinic trials, greater significance has been attached by some researchers to exploring the immune effects on pathological and cognitive changes in AD or producing new vaccines of AD. In the previous study, we have...
Global immunization efforts have received a boost through the introduction of several new vaccines. These efforts however, are threatened by sub-optimal vaccine coverage, particularly in countries with large birth cohorts. Pakistan has one of the largest birth cohorts in the world, where coverage of routine vaccination remains persistently inadequate. We undertook this study to ascertain reasons for...
Vaccines prevent infections and avoid related complications. Low rates in immunocompromised patients are concerning due to increased morbidity. Vaccinations are less effective when administered post-transplant and should be administered prior. We describe pre-transplant vaccination rates among kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant recipients.Retrospective review including adults receiving kidney or...
Rotavirus (RV) vaccination has been available in Japan since November 2011, but is not yet part of Japan’s national immunisation programs. There are insufficient data on vaccine effectiveness (VE) among Japanese children.Between the months of January and May in 2014 and 2015, we conducted active surveillance of gastroenteritis among children at 14 medical facilities. Rectal swabs from all patients...
Following HIV infection, most people make antibodies to gp120 and gp41, yet only a few make broadly neutralizing antibodies that target key antigenic sites on the envelope glycoproteins. The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies by immunization remains a major challenge of HIV vaccine research. Difficulties include: variable protein sequence, epitopes that depend on the native conformation,...
Childhood mortality in Afghanistan fell by half between 1990 and 2015, due in part to the government’s commitment to improving pediatric immunization services. Although progress has been made, immunization coverage has nonetheless remained low with only 65% of children receiving the third dose of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT3) based on WHO estimates. This study aims to calculate the proportion...
More than 50% of the world's population is infected with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. If left untreated, infection with H. pylori can cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, which may progress into gastric cancer. Owing to the limited efficacy of anti-H. pylori antibiotic therapy in clinical practice, the development of a protective vaccine to combat this pathogen has been a tempting...
Both re-emergence of pertussis outbreak among adolescents/adults and recent approval of the extended use of DTaP vaccine for boosting adolescents/adults against pertussis in Japan, have raised the possibility of using aP-containing vaccine in pregnant women to protect neonates and unvaccinated infants. There is a need, therefore, to evaluate the value for money of such possibility.We evaluated the...
Schmallenberg virus (SBV), which emerged in 2011 in Central Europe and subsequently spread very rapidly throughout the continent, affects predominantly ruminants. SBV is transmitted by insect vectors, and therefore vaccination is one of the major tools of disease control. Only recently, a domain connected to virus neutralization has been identified at the amino-terminal part of the viral envelope...
New Zealand has funded the administration of tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy to prevent infant pertussis since 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of Tdap vaccine administered to pregnant women as part of a national maternal immunisation programme.We conducted a national retrospective observational study using linked administrative New Zealand...
The three encephalitic alphaviruses, western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV, EEEV, and VEEV) are potential biothreat agents due to high infectivity through aerosol exposure, ease of production in large amounts, and relative stability in the environment. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine for human use to these three encephalitic alphaviruses, and efforts to move vaccine...
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