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In the past twenty years the energy consumption of the world has grown significantly. There are many countries for which it is a huge challenge to ensure energy reliability and security. This situation is even getting more intense with the upcoming spread of renewable energy sources and the continuous need of lowering CO2 emission. Nuclear energy which is a possible solution for both difficulties...
The complexity of contemporary external action missions is increasing with a growing number of civilian and other non-military actors operating in a shared environment. There are currently not sufficient capabilities for civil-military cooperation in place which hinders operational effectiveness and the full exploitation of the information sharing potential. We contribute to the assessment of information...
Cyber has been on NATO’s agenda since 2002, with clear mandates and taskings from Summits and Ministerials on how to develop its capacity in the area. Yet, despite an increasingly cyber-dependent world and visible progress on the Alliance’s civilian side, NATO has had no visible track record on how this change in the way the world does business has had an impact on its key military structure and enabler...
Inherently linked to States’ sovereignty and its relationship with third-party stakeholders, the governance of cyberspace has become a subject of great debate and controversies. One of the most prominent of them -the dominance of the United States as an hegemon- has raised concerns and triggered diverging reactions within the international community. Looking at recent events such as the invalidation...
Insuring long term stability of power supply is the reason why planning of technological development in the energy sector has become a question of great importance for governments worldwide. This is also the reason why the number of national and international energy foresight exercises, based on combining forward-looking, policy-making and participative approaches to bringing long-term considerations...
In just 17 years the Internet has transformed practically every facet of modern life. The launch of Mosaic, the first web browser in 1993 was the catalyst for a communication revolution, whose implications are still unraveling. The Web was always intended to be a two-way multi-user publishing system undermining state controlled one way broadcasting. Unleashing a mass worldwide communication network...
With increasing in national debt issuance, the risk of national debt is concerned. Mainly by four indices to measure it: the rate of nation to borrow the money, the debt degree of dependency, debt burden rate, and the rate of resident to agree the loan. There is risk in the first two indicators in recent years which are over the alarm level; the latter two indicators are not at risk. To inhabit risk...
Throughout the last decade, eDemocracy has evolved from an idea into practical applications supporting, and even enhancing, democratic processes. At the same time, it is a growing demand for regulatory frameworks to support eDemocracy. This paper examines the technical and political prerequisites for eDemocracy in an attempt to uncover possible areas for regulative measures. A model is used to show...
Most European governments offer electronic self-services to citizens and businesses on a 365/7/24-basis. e-Services are available. In addition to availability, e-Services also have to be accessible in order to be successful. A number of accessibility standards and design guidelines exist and are widely applied on websites offering e-Services. Increasingly, e-Services are designed to be carried out...
The study presents the major factors for Internet banking adoption and compares the levels of adoption across countries, in order to identify more easily what factors to consider most while providing banking services over the Internet. Based on prior studies, Web security, Internet usage, economy status, high branch intensity, competition, government prioritization regulations, and literacy level...
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