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The linear thermal expansion behavior of nanocomposites was measured and compared with the theory by Chow. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing organically modified montmorillonite with high and low molecular weight (LMW) grades of nylon 6 using a twin screw extruder. Thermal expansion measurements were made on samples taken from injection-molded Izod bars in the flow direction (FD), transverse...
A carefully selected series of organic amine salts were ion exchanged with sodium montmorillonite to form organoclays varying in amine structure or exchange level relative to the clay. Each organoclay was melt-mixed with a high molecular grade of nylon 6 (HMW) using a twin screw extruder; some organoclays were also mixed with a low molecular grade of nylon 6 (LMW). Wide angle X-ray scattering, transmission...
The influence of nanodispersed montmorillonite layers and process history on the crystal structure of nylon 6 between room temperature and melting is examined with simultaneous small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. For the examined process history, nylon 6 exhibits predominantly α-phase behavior from room temperature to melting, with a gradual shift...
The thermal behaviour of poly(acryloyloxybenzoic acid) (PABA)/nylon 6 (PA6) blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Melting point (T m ) of PA6 depressed with increasing PABA content. When PABA content was larger than about 60wt%, second endotherm was observed above the T m (first endotherm). Wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that crystallinity...
Simple shear of end-tethered Nylon 6–clay nanocomposites and the preservation of these effects into the crystalline state is reported. Typical conditions leading to mesoscopic (clays) and molecular (polymer chains) orientation of these systems at relatively low shear rates and at temperatures immediately above the nominal melting point showed a morphological change proportional to the shear time in...
Blends of nylon 6 with maleated ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR-g-MA) were prepared by melt blending over the whole composition range. The reaction of the polyamide amine end groups with the grafted maleic anhydride has the potential to form thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) with controlled morphology and chemical bonding between the phases. This study focuses on the effects of nylon 6 content and crystallinity...
A polymer blend consisting of nylon 6 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was compatibilized with an ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA). Neither EVA nor EAA are compatible with nylon 6; however, the combination of the two resulted in a toughened nylon 6. The compatibilization was revealed by the dramatic increase in impact strength, and the smaller particle size and finer dispersion of EVA...
This paper deals with a study of some properties of the polymers obtained by centrifugal molding via activated anionic ring-opening polymerization of ϵ-caprolactam and copolymerization of ϵ-caprolactam with laurolactam. Ethyl magnesium bromide, as initiator and N-benzoyl ϵ-caprolactam and N,N′-isophthaloyl-bis-ϵ-caprolactam, as activators were used. The initial mold temperature (initial polymerization...
Membrane formation using a compressed antisolvent is analogous to conventional immersion precipitation using liquid nonsolvents and introduces pressure as an additional variable for tailoring the membrane microstructure. Thin films of a semicrystalline polyamide, Nylon 6, were precipitated from 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol by exposing the incipient membrane to compressed CO2 antisolvent at 35°C and variable...
This paper is concerned with the temperature dependence of cross-linked residue formation during the thermal degradation of nylon 6,6. The relationship between non-volatile residue formation and initial hydrogen bonding in nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 was established using thermogravimetry and hotstage-Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy.
The stress-strain behavior of blends of nylon 6 (PA) and a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) compatibilized by an imidized acrylic polymer (IA) was evaluated in terms of the IA content and the dispersed SAN25 particle size. PA/SAN blends can be considered as a simpler version of industrially important PA/ABS blends; therefore, this study provides better understanding of the stress-strain behavior...
Essential work of fracture and critical strain energy release rate analyses were used to investigate the effect of temperature (from 25 to −25°C) and specimen ligament length on the fracture energy, obtained from an instrumented drop tower test, of two compatibilized nylon 6/ABS blends (40 and 25wt% ABS) and the neat ABS. Three types of fracture were observed: ductile, mixed mode, and brittle. The...
The fracture of blends of nylon 6 and maleated ethylene–propylene rubber was examined by both the Izod impact test and a single-edge notch three-point bend (SEN3PB) instrumented Dynatup test. The effects of EPR-g-MA content, ligament length, method of fracture surface measurement, sample thickness and fracture position in the molded bar on the fracture behavior were investigated. The data were analyzed...
The phase morphology and phase inversion behavior of nylon 6 (PA)/styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) compatibilized blends have been studied using an imidized acrylic polymer (IA) and a styrene/acrylonitrile/maleic anhydride terpolymer (SANMA) as compatibilizers. PA/SAN blends can be considered as a simpler version of industrially important PA/ABS blends; therefore, this study is useful for the better understanding...
The relation between the dispersed phase particle size and blend composition has been examined for blends of nylon 6 and styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) over a wide range of compositions that traverse the phase inversion points for simple binary blends and those reactively compatibilized by the addition of imidized acrylic polymer (IA) or styrene/acrylonitrile/maleic anhydride terpolymer (SANMA)...
The large strain uniaxial tensile deformation behavior of nylon 6 plasticized by deuterium oxide is investigated by an in situ stretching device built in a deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe. The D2O molecules probe the environment of the amorphous regions in nylon 6; they do not exist in a “free” state and remain associated with the amide groups by hydrogen bonding during deformation...
The Izod impact strength and tensile properties of blends Nylon 6 and maleated ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR-g-MA) reinforced with glass fiber as a function of glass fiber and EPR-g-MA content were examined. Materials containing 0-20wt% glass fiber and 0-20wt% EPR-g-MA were formulated. The modulus and yield strength of the unreinforced materials decreased as EPR-g-MA content increased. This effect...
End-capped oligomers 16, 24 and 8 of nylon 6 (having 10, 12 and 33 amide bonds, respectively), 32 and 38 of nylon 4 6 (having 9 and 13 amide bonds, respectively), and 43 of nylon 6 6 having 3 amide bonds, have been synthesised using N-protected secondary amides and the reactions of polypeptide chemistry.
The experimental variation of scattered intensity of angles from 0.3 to 2.5 o from modified nylon 6 samples has been compared with that obtained by the linear paracrystalline model when the distribution of phase lengths was given by the exponential function and the quantitative parameters describing the changes in morphology have been reported.
Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) analysis of blends between nylon 6 and the liquid crystal copolyester Vectra has been performed as a function of composition and thermal treatment in order to make a correlation with the thermal and structural properties of these systems and to get information about their morphological characteristics. Simultaneous small and wide angle X-ray diffraction experiments...
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