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Use of the Rock-Eval method for assessment of oil-contaminated soils. In terms of analysis of soils polluted by either petroleum products or by hydrocarbon compounds, the most current techniques used to quantify and characterize the pollutants are infrared spectrometry (IR) and gaseous phase chromatography (GC). They involve the use of pre-analytical time-consuming phases (transportation, solid/liquid...
In this work we have investigated a multi-element analytical method for the determination of the levels of trace metals in estuarine waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). Gallium, in association with magnesium, coprecipitation was used for trace metal (Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo, V and Zn) preconcentration. Several parameters associated with the analytical procedure (pH,...
A fast experimental method using the NFX rules has been designed to analyse P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in soil samples. This method allows us to analyse thousands of samples per year, and is about 50% faster than the current methods.La procedure d'analyse rapide des elements du sol P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu et Zn decrite dans cet article permet l'analyse de milliers d'echantillons par...
Contribution of ecotoxicity tests to the analysis of a contaminated soil. In polluted soil hazard characterization, biological assays (bioassays) are needed to support the findings because physico-chemical information obtained by classical analytical procedures do not estimate environmental hazards. Numerous bioassays, standardized for water quality investigation and new molecule homologation, or...
Compared to neutral CDs, anionic sulfobutyl-β- or carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrins added to the buffer, offer the benefits of an increased aqueous solubility and a better enantioresolution in capillary electrophoresis. Enantiomers of several drugs (neutral, positively and negatively charged solutes) have been successfully resolved in CE by using these chiral selectors.En electrophorese capillaire, l'utilisation...
Detection of moderate contamination by trace metals in agricultural soils. To assess moderate contaminations of agricultural soils by trace elements (Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn), it is important to distinguish anthropic inputs from natural background levels. This goal can be reached by three both analogical and pedological methods: vertical comparison, lateral comparison and typological approach. ...
The research into a purple vegetable dye (Murex purple) suitable for accompanying an animal dye, or for replacing it, led us to carry out a study of 23 Tunisian lichen species. The analysis of 26 lichen substances, including 20 precursors and dyestuffs contained in these lichens, has been achieved using two chromatographic techniques: Thin Layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid (HPLC). The TLC...
The fatty acid constituents from three lamb samples were obtained by GC/MS analysis of their methyl ester derivatives, after saponification and methylation using diazomethane. This reagent was selected as it is unreactive with natural triglycerides and only transforms free fatty acids. The three investigated samples are of different organoleptic qualities, and they could be differentiated according...
PAH soil pollution characterization: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) contribution. The organic characterization of contaminated soils needs an extraction step before analytical determination. Classical extraction methods such as Soxhlet require large amounts of solvent and are time consuming. Furthermore, these methods generate errors due to post clean-up treatment and sample manipulation...
Focused microwave energy was used to extract 15 PAH from contaminated soil. Microwave irradiation was used to avoid the use of solvents characterized by a small dielectric constant. A water and solvent mixture with different polarities was considered to improve the microwave effect. The decrease in solvatation power caused by the addition of acetone into methylene chloride, is compensated for by...
A detoxication process of aqueous solutions obtained by hydrolysis of Lewisites, where arsenic and chloride contents are respectively equal to 0.1 and 1 mol.L -1 has been studied. The elimination of arsenite ions, obtained during the hydrolysis, can be carried out by their precipitation under an insoluble compound form. A two-step chemical treatment is proposed in order to obtain both...
An eluotropic scale accounting for the nature of the graft on silica was established for different RPLC systems. By using a simple transfer rule, this eluotropic stationary bonded phase scale gives the appropriate bonded chain length needed for a separation. The limits of the method are described. Monofunctional bonded silicas such as C 1 , C 6 , C 8 , C ...
A variant of the GLS (Generalized Least Squares) method has been applied to the nonlinear calibration of the assay of two esterases in human serum: arylesterase (EC 3.1.8.1) and cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). The curves relating the variations of enzyme activity to substrate concentration were described by the Michaelis equation. The analytical error was expressed as a function of the measured activity...
Analusis a entrepris d'interroger des personnalites de la communaute de chimie et de demander leur avis sur la chimie analytique, son evolution et sa place au sein de la recherche francaise. Apres Jean-Claude Bernier, le directeur du departement des Sciences chimiques du CNRS (Analusis, vol 25, n° 5, 1997, M3-7), c'est aujourd'hui le Professeur Guy Ourisson, vice-president de l'Academie des sciences,...
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