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A novel phthalide-containing aromatic amine (PBMI-DDE) was synthesized by Michael addition of 3,3-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]phthalide (PBMI) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether (DDE), its chemical structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. A serial of phthalide-containing epoxy resins were prepared with the PBMI-DDE/DDE...
In this paper, we synthesized two types of epoxy group containing POSS derivatives: mono and poly Double-Decker Silsesquioxanes (mono DDSQ and poly DDSQ). The performance of epoxy resin with different DDSQ loading ratios was investigated, including curing kinetics, thermal, mechanical and surface properties. Both mono and poly DDSQ significantly improved thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy...
The water sorption characteristics and physico-chemical properties have been determined for a fully cured model epoxy systems based on the DGEBA resin and DAMP amine hardener, during cyclic hygrothermal ageing (absorption-desorption-reabsorption-redesorption). Gravimetric measurements on epoxy free films were carried out to follow the water sorption kinetics at different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and...
Bio-based materials from Cardanol/cardol with episulfide group (CCES) and epoxy group (CCEO) were synthesized and further blended with commercial bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether type epoxy resin (DGEBA) for anti-corrosion coating application. The curing behavior of CCEO and CCES confirmed that episulfide exhibited a faster curing rate and higher curing conversion than epoxide. Anticorrosion properties...
The intractable after-treatment problem of thermosetting epoxy resins due to the insolubility and infusibility brings about an ever-increasing pressure on environment. In this work, new degradable silicon-containing cycloaliphatic diepoxide (Epo-Si) was designed and synthesized using biomass-based 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-enyl)propan-2-ol (α-terpineol) as a major material. After curing with anhydride,...
Epoxy thermosets continue to be used in a variety of coatings, adhesives, and structural composites. Nanostructural heterogeneities have been proposed to determine the physical properties of these materials, but the presence and origin of these features is disputed. Here, we combine nano-chemical imaging and nano-thermal analysis to establish a connection between internal crosslinking and the appearance...
Two diglycidyl ethers which consist of a flexible carbosilane segments and of rigid phenylene moieties (1 and 2) were synthesized and investigated in order to evaluate their heat-curing behavior (epoxy homopolymerization) as well as thermal and mechanical properties of the networked polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that melting points of both diepoxides were −73...
Bisphenols functionalized with diacylhydrazine moieties and ester groups were prepared from 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid by esterification and partial hydrazination, followed by oxidative coupling of the obtained hydrazide. Ester groups with long alkyl chains or polyether increased the solubility of bisphenols in the epoxy resin. The epoxy resin was cured by heating with bisphenols in the presence of...
Hybrid particles of multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grafted onto silica gel were shown to provide a low viscosity processing route to forming electrically-conductive epoxy resin composites. Rheological studies showed the viscoelastic shear moduli of epoxy resin suspensions containing these particles (named SG6_3) remained within the same order of magnitude as that of the neat resin at ≤5 wt% loading...
Crystallinity in crosslinked epoxy resins is a rarely observed phenomenon. If crystallinity is properly adjusted, it can lead to enhanced toughness in cationically polymerized epoxy resins. This work demonstrates the controlled crystallization of partially crystalline poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) in a model system based on a cycloaliphatic epoxy matrix polymerized with a thermo-latent, cationic initiator...
As polymers are rate sensitive to mechanical properties, dynamic tensile tests are carried out on drop mass setup, to obtain medium strain rate stress-strain response which fills the gap between quasi-static strain rate (<10 s−1) and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique (>1000 s−1). The present research work is to study the effect of medium strain rate on tensile behavior of epoxy/clay...
A fast switchable, epoxy based shape-memory polymer is presented. For this, a partially crystalline epoxy resin was formed by cationic polymerization in the presence of a high meltable polyester polyol, namely poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL). Under certain polymerization conditions, this system generates a high degree of crystallinity compared to the respective poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) counterpart...
The influence of graphene oxide (GO) and its surface oxidized debris (OD) on the cure chemistry of an amine cured epoxy resin has been investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (FT-IES) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Spectral analysis of IR radiation emitted at the cure temperature from thin films of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane...
A flame retardant, tri-(3-DOPO-2-hydroxypropan-1-yl)-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-trione (TGIC-DOPO) containing both phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups, is introduced into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (EP) thermosets respectively cured by 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl methane (DDM), 4,4′-diamino-diphenyl sulfone (DDS), and m-phenylenediamine (m-PDA). TGIC-DOPO exhibits excellent flame-retardant...
The local mechanical properties of partially cured epoxy resins based on tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline (TGMDA) are proved to be heterogeneous at the nanoscale with the degree of heterogeneity decreasing when the crosslinking density increases. The fully cured resin can be considered homogeneous on both the nano- and macroscale. These conclusions are supported by a comprehensive statistical analysis...
Epoxy-silica hybrids were produced from a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A resin using Jeffamine 230 hardener with a two-step in situ generation of siloxane domains. The siloxane component was obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a mixture of γ-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane, which was added to the epoxy resin after removal of the formed alcohols and water. The morphological...
Magnetite nanoparticles in the range 7–10.5 nm were prepared by non hydrolytic sol–gel (NHSG) process in the presence of benzyl alcohol in different concentrations. The suspensions were mixed with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) and cured in the presence of ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate as cationic initiator. Magnetite nanoparticles and epoxy nanocomposites were characterized by structural,...
A new hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) with ethoxysilyl groups at the chain ends has been synthesized and characterized and then used in epoxy formulations to generate new organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Formulations of different proportions of diglycidylether of bisphenol A and the prepared ethoxysilylated hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) were maintained in a thermostatized controlled humidity...
A novel bis(epoxide)-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) monomer has been reacted with a commercially available amine monomer to produce cross-linked, epoxy-amine-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) resins and PIL/IL ion-gels via step-growth (S-G) polymerization. The degree of chemical functionality was controlled by manipulating the monomer stoichiometric ratios. The S-G PIL resins were investigated for...
Graphene has captured the attention of scientific community due to recently emerging high performance applications. Hence, studying its reinforcing effects on epoxy resin is a significant step. In this study, microwave exfoliated reduced graphene oxide (MERGO) was prepared from natural graphite for subsequent fabrication of epoxy nanocomposites using triethylenetetramine (TETA) as a curing agent via...
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