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As yet, no satisfactory explanation has been found as to how the Roman monk Dionysius Exiguus determined the year of Jesus’ birth in his system of calculating years, which he introduced in 525. This is because two unwarranted assumptions prevail in research: first, that the creator of this calculation did not provide a justification for it, and second, that the solution to the problem should only...
The article presents the earliest reference to the celebration of Christmas as a holiday or feast, namely: the Roman calendar of Philocalus (so-called Chronography of 354), the first sermons preached for this occasion (pope Liberius, Optate from Milewe, Zenon from Verona) and the first hymns (Ambrose from Milan and Prudentius, Ephrem the Syrian). The analysis of sources shows that there is no record...
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