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A deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) scheme with mutual authentication is proposed, where unitary operations are not necessary, while they are indispensable in other quantum direct communication (QDC) schemes. Since the realization of a unitary operation is not a simple task in quantum computation and quantum communication, it simplifies the implementation of QDC schemes to a great...
A novel practical quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed to share a private key between one and many parties based on four single-qubit states. The qubit capacity of this protocol is high due to the absence of bitwise exclusive OR of qubits' measuring results. It is also feasible with present-day technology, even when a great many participants are engaged, and secure against several common attacks...
First, a mutually authenticated quantum direct communication (QDC) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed in this paper. The protocol includes two phases, the first one for mutual identity authentication and the next for direct communication. Users Alice and Bob can identify each other by checking the correlation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. According to basic properties of...
An energy-aware data gathering protocol called EADGP that maximizes the network lifetime for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. EADGP introduces a novel distributed hierarchical clustering method. In order to reduce energy consumption and realize load balance, a new cost metric and a metric-mapping function is presented during the cluster head selection phase. Unlike traditional energy-based...
Clustering provides an effective way for data gathering in wireless sensor networks. In practice applications, either the difference of energy consumed by sensor nodes or node redeployment leads to the energy heterogeneous networks. This paper proposes a new distributed Low-Energy node Protection Time-driven Clustering algorithm (LEPTC) for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, in which nodes are...
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