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For ordinal outcomes, the average treatment effect is often ill‐defined and hard to interpret. Echoing Agresti and Kateri, we argue that the relative treatment effect can be a useful measure, especially for ordinal outcomes, which is defined as , with and being the potential outcomes of unit under treatment and control, respectively. Given the marginal...
In some randomized clinical trials, patients may die before the measurement time point of their outcomes. Even though randomization generates comparable treatment and control groups, the remaining survivors often differ significantly in background variables that are prognostic to the outcomes. This is called the truncation by death problem. Under the potential outcomes framework, the only well‐defined...
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