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Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway...
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) associated with type 2 inflammation and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD) can be difficult to control with standard medical therapy and sinus surgery. In this group, biologicals are potentially promising treatment options. The phase III clinical trials for omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab and benralizumab...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity characterized by excessive nasal mucus secretion and nasal congestion. The development of CRS is related to pathological mechanisms induced by hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, the stable expression of both Hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) α and HIF‐2α are involved in the immune response and inflammatory pathways...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a conserved family of small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that modulate post‐transcriptional gene expression in physiological and pathological processes. miRNAs can silence target mRNAs through degradation or inhibition of translation, showing their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. miRNAs play a role in regulating immune functions and inflammation...
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