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In this paper, a cascade PID feedback control algorithm is proposed to stabilize the attitude of a quadcopter so that the balancing state can be ensured in spite of disturbances. A mathematical model of quadcopter dynamics is developed by applying Newton-Euler method. It reveals the exact relationships among all the variables involved. Both linear and nonlinear state-space equations are derived afterwards,...
Postural balance control of machines is one of the most important human motor skills. We present a balance equilibrium manifold (BEM) concept to study how a human rider balances a bicycle-like robot (i.e., bikebot) while maintaining tracking a desired trajectory. The BEM is built on the external-internal convertible (EIC) structure of the rider-bikebot dynamics to capture the balance properties of...
Understanding how human balance and control bicycles is helpful for not only designing bicycle-based rehabilitation devices but also studying physical human-machine interactions. We present stability analysis of a rider-bicycle system under the rider's steering and upper-body movement balancing controls. The dynamic model of rider-bicycle system is first constructed to integrate the rider's upper-body...
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