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Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals are the cause of gout and are formed from uric acid and sodium. Because they can be rotated by the torque induced by an applied magnetic field, we have characterized their detailed magnetic orientational properties to improve the detection sensitivity from outside the body using the magnetic orientation. The MSU crystals were precipitated by dissolving uric acid powder...
Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which cause gout, preferentially develop in joints with a low body temperature and cause joint inflammation and severe pain.
Pulse lasers with both of high pulse energy and high average power are strongly desired for various industrial and scientific applications. In such laser systems, the nonlinear refractive index is a critical factor for spatial phase distortion and the B-integral has been used to evaluate it. In several years, the cooled Yb: YAG is researched aggressively due to its improved thermal conductivity, controlled...
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